SUBMITTED BY:

JITESH KUMAR
11EAYEE021
B. Tech. IV Yr., VIII Sem.

INTRODUCTION
Street light automation is quite common in
these days , but generating the required
energy through speed breaker is latest trend
in the technology .
Our aim is to generate electric energy from
speed breaker , store it into a battery, and
utilize the stored energy when required.
To prove this concept practically , proto type
module is constructed.
Entire system is designed as automatic,
human involvement is not required for
switching ON/OFF the light.
Speed breaker is designed electromechanical technology.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

555 IC

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

BRIDGE RECTIFIER

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

RESISTOR

TRANSISTOR

BATTERY
3

MECHANICAL STRUCTURE OF
SPEED BREAKER

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Speed breaker mechanism
Coupled with motor shaft

DC motor built in with

reduction gear mechanism

Motor shaft

Bridge rectifier
C

+6V

6V/4.5AH
Battery

+
-

Voltage regulator
+6V

LDR

555 Timer chip configured in

monostable mode of operation
& used as trigger circuit

Street light designed

with high glow LEDs
547
MOSFET

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
100F

4 X 4007

+ -

Speed breaker Mechanism

coupled with DC motor shaft

7808

1k
LED

+6V
+6V

2 555 3
6
LDR

1k

1 5
0.1F

6V/4.5AH
Battery

DC motor with built-in

Reduction gear
mechanism

10k

+6V

High
glow
LEDs

1k
547

Z44

Current
Limiting
resistor

+6V

DESCRIPTION AS PER BLOCK DIAGRAMS

SPEED BREAKER MECHANISM : It works principle of simple physics i.e. when a moving vehicle
passes through this set up, the kinetic energy of vehicle cause
roller to rotate transmission shaft coverts to Electrical Energy
cum Mechanical Energy.
Components which is used :- Pipes (Square type) , chain , DC
motor (dynamo) , metal sheet , recoil springs ,gear .
The mechanical structure contains four legs system is considered
as motion convertor. Speed breaker mechanism designed with
inclined plates . When ever some force applied on the surface,
plates come down and turn rotates geared shaft through chain
drive loaded with recoil springs in clockwise direction.
Similarly mechanism released due to spring action moves home
position and turn rotates geared shaft through chain drive in anti
clockwise direction. The output of this shaft coverts mechanical
energy to electrical energy.

 ELECTRIC MOTOR THAT GERNERATES THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY : An electrical motor is a machine that converts Electrical Energy to Mechanical Energy. But here reversed principle has
been implemented there by motor is converted as generator i.e. Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy.
On the basis Faraday's law of electro-magnetic induction .

A DC Motor consists of four main parts i.e. armature, magnetic

field, commutator, & brushes.

 BATTERY & ITS CIRCUIT: The battery used in the project work is rated for
4.5AHat 6V.
It is a free type rechargeable battery generally called
as secondary cell. It can supply continuously for a
specified interval time.
Current ratings varies in the case of lead-acid battery
with high ampere hour capacity is called heavy duty
battery.
A bridge rectifier circuit is constructed with four
diodes & it is filtered using a capacitor.
A battery cannot be charge at low voltage as well as
In high voltage there fore voltage must be regulated
by using voltage regulator device.

 LDR : LDR means Light Dependent Resistor , LDR is chose to control the
street light accordingly by the sensing the natural light whether
it is dark/bright.
It is very sensitive device, which converts the light energy into
variable resistance & it is light intensity is inversely proportional
to resistance .
Light dependent cadmium sulphide resistors are cost effective,
versatile , wide linearity & available in different sizes for
different applications.
LDR range is resistance varies approximately 50 in
bright light to a maximum 2 mega ohms in total darkness.
For this application LDR varied from 400 to 5000 in the
reflectance sensor and from 3000 to 8000 in intensity sensor.

 LED STREET LIGHT

Street lights are replaced with high glow LEDs, a group of these lights can
produce the same light intensity those are produced by the old lamps.
Moreover the current consumption is very less when compared with old lamps.
The other advantage is that these LEDs operates at very low voltage. Therefore
the streetlight used in this project work is designed with these cool high glow
LEDs. Depending up on the lamp doom size, number of LEDs arranged in a
group may vary, as it is a prototype module, here 12 LEDs are used. To
simulate the lamppost, one small flexible table lamp pole is used & it is fixed
over a wooden plank.

 DESCRIPTION OF TIMER CHIP (555 IC): The 555 timer is one of the most popular and
versatile integrated circuits ever produced. It
includes 23 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors on
a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line
package (DIP-8).
The 558 is a 16-pin DIP that combines four slightly
modified 555s on a single chip.
The 555 has three operating modes:
Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as
a timers, missing pulse detection, Frequency
Divider, Capacitance Measurement, Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM) etc
Astable - Free Running mode: the 555 can operate as
an oscillator. ,pulse generation, security alarms, etc.
Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: the 555 can
operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected
and no capacitor is used. Uses etc

Conclusion
The project work Automatic Street light that is powered
through speed breaker is designed & developed successfully.
For the demonstration purpose, a proto type module
constructed with lower ratings of devices, & results are found to
be satisfactory.
As it is a demo module it cannot be use for real applications,
but the concept is near to the real working system, to make it
more realistic, higher rating power generator with suitable gear
mechanism is essential to produce more energy.
This concept falls under the subject of non-conventional energy
resources, out of the many alternative energy resources one
dependable source is solar energy, but it is quite costliest affair.
Therefore, alternative cheapest source is to generate electricity
from speed breaker.
This technology proven here is the ultimate inexpensive source
of all known forms of energy.