Energys Grand Challenges

Why there isnt an easy solution

Todays Energy
85.5 % = fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)
14.5 % = nuclear and all other

sources

By 2025
87 % = fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)
13 %= nuclear and all other

sources

Source: US Energy Information Administration

World demand for energy

expands 45% by 2030

Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2008

Challenge: bridge supply limitations with

24-hour demand for electricity worldwide

1970s: Photo from space - glow from electric lights at night.

Image Credit: NASA

Challenge: bridge supply limitations with

24-hour demand for electricity worldwide
2005: Photo from space - glow from electric lights at night.

Streamline electricity grid for efficiency

Develop wind and solar storage systems for peak use.
Continue clean coal technology advancements
Increase use of natural gas

Image Credit: NASA

Challenge: Develop new technologies

and cultural habits.
Modernize electricity grid
Develop and use more efficient
transportation energy (i.e. hybrids,
electric cars, hydrogen, natural
gas, algae-based fuels)
Redesign homes and buildings
Use less!

Challenge: Develop new technologies

and cultural habits

Engineers use complex computer

simulation models for design

How important is oil?

U.S. consumes 19.5 million

barrels of oil per day

U.S. produces 8.5 million barrels

of oil per day

You can kiss lipstick good-bye.

Artificial Hearts
Aspirin
Balloons
Bandages
Blenders
Cameras
Candles
CD Players
Clothing
CDs/DVDs
Computers
Containers
Crayons
Credit Cards
Dentures

Deodorant
Digital Clocks
Dyes
Fertilizers
Food Preservatives
Footballs
Furniture
Garbage Bags
Glasses
Glue
Golf Balls
Hair Dryers
Hang Gliders
House Paint
Ink

Insecticides
Life Jackets
Lipstick
Luggage
Medical Equipment
Medicines
MP3 Players
Pantyhose
Patio Screens
Perfumes
Photographic Film
Photographs
Piano Keys
Roller Blades
Roofing

Shampoo
Shaving Cream
Soft Contact Lenses
Surfboards
Telephones
Tents
Toothpaste
Toys
Umbrellas

How valuable is petroleum?

In one day, the oil and gas industry delivers

Enough energy to heat 80 million homes

382 million gallons of gasoline to service

stations, enabling 200 million drivers to get
to work, take their kids to school, and take
vacations-- traveling 7.5 billion road miles
every day

67 million gallons to airport terminals,

enabling 30,000 flights to travel around the
world

Source: API Energytomorrow.org

The search for oil and gas

Exploration
Appraisal
Production
Refining and Marketing

Where we find oil: porous rock

Hydrocarbon Traps

Images courtesy of http://www.planete-energies.com

Challenge: getting the oil out

Today, we can access hydrocarbons trapped in rocks with
smaller, complex pores using horizontal drilling

Challenge: large oilfields increasingly

difficult to find.
Seismic technology advances
Breakthroughs in computer processing
power and data management needed
Offshore deepwater exploration

Seismic Reflections

Challenge: getting the oil out

Deepwater Drilling
The Deepwater Pathfinder drillship
(shown) can drill in water depths
up to 10,000 feet

Dynamic-Positioning - Small
thrusters and global positioning
keep it stable, shifting less than 50
feet in any direction.

Offshore Rig
A deepwater project will:

Take many years to complete

Cost almost $1 billion USD

Employ 2000 people

Bring 50,000 barrels of oil per

day to market

Production Systems

Challenge: Recruiting the next

generation of engineers and scientists
Engineering
Petroleum, Chemical,
Mechanical, Others
Geoscience
Geology, Geophysics
Sciences
All basic sciences research
Business
Finance, HR,
Management

Energys Grand Challenges

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