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Questionnaire Development

1) Careful selection of existing items (Churchil & Iacobucci, 2005; Chew,


2007; Sekaran, 2003).

2) 10 Experts Comments & Suggestions (Fink, 1995; Mitchell, 1996


both cited in Hamidfar, 2008)

7 researchers in telecommunication and marketing;


2 English and 1 Indonesian language experts
3) Test for questionnaire readability
4) Pilot study to test the
Reliability and Validity of the questionnaire
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Sources of Questionnaire Items


No.

Construct

Sources

Performance
Expectancy

Al-Qeisi, 2009; Carlsson et al, 2006; Dwivedi &


Irani, 2009; Liao et al., 2007; Park et al., 2007;
and Venkatesh et. al., 2003)

Effort
Expectancy

Al-Qeisi, 2009 and Venkatesh et al., 2003

Social
Influence

Carlsson et al , 2006; Fillion & Berthelot, 2007;


and Venkatesh et al .2003

Facilitating
Condition

Carlsson et al., 2006 and Wu et al., 2008

Affordability

Dwivedi et al, 2007 and Kuo & Yen, 2009

of Services
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Affordability

Dwivedi et al, 2007 and Kuo & Yen, 2009

of Devices
7

Content

Daud, 2008; Doll & Torkzadeh,1988; and Hoo


et al., 2009

Behavioural
Intention

Glassberg, 2000 and Hung et al., 2003


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10 Experts
No

Name

Expertise

Dr. Gadang Ramantoko

Telecommunication Researches of PT Telkom Indonesia

Dr. Yudi Pramudiana

Dr. Maia Ariyanti

Dr. Ratna Djatnika

5
6

Dr. Zulganef
Emi Emilia, PhD

Nurhasanah, M. Ed.

8
9

Khaerudin Kurniawan, M.
Pd.
Refi Rivaldi, MBA

Marketing and Telecommunication Researches of Institut


Manajemen Telkom Indonesia
Marketing Researches of Institut Manajemen Telkom
Indonesia
Psycology & Behavior of customers of Padjadjaran
University Indonesia
Marketing Researches of Widyatama University Indonesia
English Education & translation of Indonesia University of
Education
English Education & translation of Indonesia University of
Education
Indonesian Language of Indonesia University of Education

10

Herry , MBA

Marketing and Telecommunication Researches of Institut


Manajemen Telkom Indonesia
Telecommunication Researches of Institut Manajemen
Telkom Indonesia
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Readability of Questionnaire
The questionnaires were given to four people who were at
different stages of education:
a third grade secondary school,
a second grade senior high school,
an undergraduate, and
a graduate students

Pilot Study
Number of respondents : 167

Pilot test did in target research area during


the
September 2010

The large sample of the pilot study followed those of previous


pilot studies: Pavlou and Fygenson (2006) with 214
respondents; Vo lckner, Sattler, Thurau, and Ringle (2010)
with 112 respondents; and Teo, Wei, and Benbasat (2003)
with 105 respondents.

Why Pilot Study?


(1) provides information on possible ethical problems,
(2) helps determine if the research questions or
hypotheses are appropriate,
(3) checks all aspects of the data collection method,
(4) provides guidance on modifying all the procedures
prior to the real test, and
(5) checks the appropriateness of the statistical test(s).

Reliability

How consistent the items of the questionnaire measure


the particular construct intended to measure (Sekaran,
2003).

Cronbach Alfa and Composite Reliability 0.7

(Chin, 1998;
Ghozali, 2008; Gotz et al., 2010 Hair et al., 2010; Nunnally & Bernstein,
1994; Urbach and Ahlemann, 2010; Vinzi, Trincherra, Amanto, 2010).

Validity
How well the items of the questionnaire measure the particular construct
intended to measure (Sekaran, 2003).
1. Content Validity (careful selection of existing items & discussion with
researchers) (Chew, 2007; Churchil & Iacobucci, 2005; Sekaran, 2003)
2. Construct Validity
a. Convergent (the items measure the same thing, they converge on a single
cluster of items) .
Factor loading 0.5 and AVE (average variance extracted) 0.5 (Ghozali,
2008; Hair et al.,2010)

b. Discriminant validity (when 2 constructs are predicted to be uncorrelated,


the scores should be empirically found to be uncorrelated).
The square root of the AVE of each construct needs to be much larger than
any correlation between this construct and any construct.
(Gepen & Straub, 2005; Ghozali, 2008; Hair et. al., 2010; Koh et al., 2010).
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Editor
Freya Martin freyacando@yahoo.co.uk
Jacqueline@kgsupport.com
Jacqueline@kgsupport.com
Itu dua editor yang sy pake yg freya lebih
murah yang jacqueline lebih mahal jauh.

Contribution to Business Practice


No longer rely on pricing strategies alone.
Change a low-cost services strategy and an
intensive and ongoing tariff war among them
since 2007 with offering services based on :
Content,
Performance expectancy,
Effort expectancy,
Social influence, and
Facilitating conditions.

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Limitation of this Study


This study was conducted in Java Island. The consumers
perception of 3G MMS may be different as a result of their
specific cultural, organizational, and/or personal attributes.
Only one product category was investigated in this research,
namely 3G MMS, to determine behavioural intention of
Indonesian consumers to use services based on communication
technology

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Recommendations for Future Research


Relevant cultural characteristics could be investigated to
provide a richer understanding of the behavioural intention
of consumers across the country in order to ascertain
whether or not there are any cross-cultural effects on the
behavioural intention of prospective consumers.
The significance of content on the behavioural intention of
prospective consumers to use other services based on
communication technology, for example, fixed broadband
Internet access is recommended.
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