SEMINAR

APARNA V
SC14M049

CONTENTS
1. MEASUREMENT OF PULSE DISPERSION AND
BANDWIDTH
2. CUTOFF WAVELENGTH

MEASUREMENT OF PULSE DISPERSION AND

BANDWIDTH

Optical fiber -> high bw, low pulse dispersion => good txn capability

1) Multimode fibers
intermodal broadening & material dispersion
90 ps/km nm @ 850nm
<0.2ps/km nm @ 1300nm
Spectral width decides
dispersion
Low dispersion window
higher spectral widths may
be used

@
850nm,
3dB bw for =1ns
,

Broadened output
pulse duration=0

Pulse duration after

cutback= i

Impulse response is:

Difference of variation of amplitude
of i/p & o/p with freq

3dB bw= lowest f value for which

BF(f)=-3dB

2) Single mode fibers

Very less dispersion , Only chromatic dispersion
1.Measure variation of time delay as fn of , () and get dispersion
coeff=D()=d/d

2.Fit measured () to analytic fn to get z (ZDW) and S0 (dispersion slope at

ZDW)

Interferometric technique: req only short fiber length

Used to preset fibers, check non uniformity of dispersion chara of
fibers

Source coherence length = ^2/

Maximum contrast at cL = L0 + 2l
If path difference > ^2/ contrast in interference pattern very poor
Find l for maximum contrast to get () and thereby get ZDW and S 0

CUTOFF WAVELENGTH
above which a guided mode ceases to exist. Shorter => more modes
propagated
For single mode fibers
Cutoff of LP11 mode determines above which fiber behaves as single
mode fiber
As we approach from low LP11 mode bcms less and less confined to core
=> attenuates
Eff cutoff = at which ratio of total power to fundamental mode power
=0.1dB
lesser than theoretical value
Why cutoff is important?
For single mode fiber, LP11 mode should be of as low power as possible to
decrease modal noise => cutoff should be << operating
For tight confinement of LP01 mode within core operating as close as
cutoff

1) Bend reference technique

Spectral variation power output Ps() for loop of radius 140 mm radius
Spectral variation power output Pb() for loop of radius 30 mm radius

Effective cutoff found

at 0.1 dB above the long
wavelength base line
LP01 doubly deg
LP11 4 fold deg
Initially power of all 6
modes = s()
Before 140 mm loop
power in fiber=6 s()
After 140 mm loop
power of LP11 mode
very small.so power in
fiber=2 s()+() s()
After 30 mm bend even little power in LP11 mode =0. so power in
fiber= 2s()

For LP11 mode before 140 mm bend power=4s() and after

bend= () s()

At eff cutoff 140mm bend => 20db loss in LP11

As < c attenuation due to 140 mm bend dec (as () inc) => R B() inc
Max value of RB() => 140 mm bend does not produce ay loss of LP11
and 30 mm bend completely removes LP11

As dec more LP11 more confined=> even 30 mm bend does not cause
attenuation
RB() -> 0

2) multimode reference technique

Measure Ps()
Replace single mode fiber with multimode fiber,
measure power= Pm()

Straight line fitted to long region and shifted by 0.1dB and of

intersection gives cutoff

THANK YOU