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UNIT 13
Key Terms
1. missionary
2. feudalism
3. vassal
4. fief
5. knight
6. chivalry
7. serf
8. heresy
Geography of Europe
The lord ruled the manor and peasants worked the land.
Freemen paid nobles for the right to farm land; had rights under
the law; and could move when and where they wished.
The streets were narrow and often dirty and smelly. If a fire
started, a medieval city easily could be destroyed.
This helped create a body of common law, or law that was the
same throughout the whole kingdom.
Monarchy in France
Philip IV was called Philip the Fair. He met with people from
different classes of French society.
In the 800s, the eastern Slavs began to expand the city of Kiev.
The state of Kievan Rus grew around the city. About 1240,
Mongols from Central Asia conquered Kieven Rus.
European Crusaders
After many more crusades, Muslims won back all of the territory
they had lost.
The Franciscan Friars were founded in 1209. They went out into
the world to preach and lived by begging. They could not own
anything and they loved nature.
The Dominicans were founded in 1216. They went out into the
world to preach and lived by begging. They defended church
teachings and studied for years.
Many church leaders and church members also practiced antiSemitism, or the hatred of Jews.
From 1378 to 1417, the Church was divided by disputes over its
leadership. This argument was called the Great Schism.
She told him that saints had spoken to her and wanted her to
free France.
Joans faith inspired the French soldiers, and they took back the
city of Orleans from the English.
Shortly after, Charles was named king and the English captured
Joan.
She was burned at the stake. She later became known as Joan of
Arc, a French national hero.
The French finally defeated the English in the Hundred Years War.