ELECTRICAL

DESIGN

TOPIC
TOPIC
440V POWER SYSYEM
ANALYSIS
DESIGN
CRITERIA
OF
GENERATOR
GENERATING
SYSTEM
TRAD-OFF
PROCEDURE
QUALITY OF
POWER
SYSTEM
DC POWER
SYSYEM
LIGHTING
SYSYEM
POWER
CABLE
CONCLUSI
ON

440V POWER
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

440V
440V POWER
POWER SYSYEM
SYSYEM ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
ELECTRIC POWER
LOAD ANALYSIS
-

AC 440V 60 Hz
220V 60Hz(Communication load)
115V 400Hz
440V 400Hz
24VDC, 28VDC

KEY-PLAN OF MAIN
ELECTRICAL
POWER
SHORT
CIRCUIT
SYSTEM
CALCULATION
VOLTAGE DROP
CALCULATION

ELECTRIC LOAD ANALYSIS

1.1 LOAD FACTOR

Operation of
equipment

Continuou
Intermitten
s Load
tSeldom
Load
used Load Ship
Operation

condition
Shore
Anshoring
Crusing
Functional
Emergency

1.2 DEMAND LOAD

Demand load = kW Input
x Load factor
1.3 GROUP OF LOAD
GROUP 100
GROUP 200
GROUP 300
GROUP 400
GROUP 500
GROUP 600
GROUP 700

Hull Structure
Propulsion Plant
Electric Plant
Command and
surveillance
Auxiliary System
Outfit and
Furnishing
Armament

GROUP
GROUP 300
300 (Electric
(Electric Plant)
Plant)
ANSHORING
NO

EQUIPMENT

QTY

RATED
POWER
(kW)

TOTAL
CONNECTE
D
POWER(kW)

SHORE

CRUSING

FUNCTIONAL

EMERGENCY

LF

kW

LF

kW

LF

kW

LF

kW

LF

kW

Battery Charger(400A)

9.60

9.60

0.2

1.92

0.1

0.96

0.2

1.92

0.3

2.88

0.3

2.88

Battery Charger STBY

9.60

9.60

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

FWD WEAPON UPS (200A)

5.60

5.60

0.2

1.12

0.2

1.12

0.4

2.24

0.7

3.92

0.4

2.24

AFT WEAPON UPS (200A)

5.60

5.60

0.2

1.12

0.2

1.12

0.4

2.24

0.7

3.92

0.4

2.24

NO.1 LTG-FMR1 (120KVA,

440/220)

96.0

96.0

0.19

18.06

0.13

12.04

0.25

24.08

0.25

24.08

0.19

18.06

NO.2 LTG-FMR2(120KVA, 440/220)

96.0

96.0

0.18

17.28

0.12

11.52

0.24

22.80

0.24

22.80

0.18

17.28

NO.3 LTG-FMR3(120KVA, 440/220)

96.0

96.0

0.18

17.28

0.12

11.52

0.24

22.80

0.24

22.80

0.18

17.28

NO.4 LTG-FMR4(120KVA, 440/220)

96.0

96.0

0.15

14.07

0.10

9.38

0.20

18.76

0.20

18.76

0.15

14.07

400Hz F/C

15.00

15.00

0.11

1.58

0.02

0.35

0.12

1.74

0.52

7.79

0.35

5.20

10

400Hz F/C STBY

15.00

15.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

11

400Hz F/C (HELI, SERVICE)

30.00

30.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

12

NO.1 IC X-FMR(45KVA, 440/220)

36.0

36.0

0.14

4.99

0.11

3.79

0.29

10.54

0.54

19.38

0.28

10.24

13

NO.2 IC X-FMR(75KVA, 440/115)

60.00

60.00

0.12

7.31

0.06

3.50

0.27

16.25

0.56

33.50

0.14

8.14

14

NO.1 EC X-FMR(45KVA, 440/220)

36.0

36.0

0.11

3.90

0.05

1.96

0.22

7.80

0.38

13.65

0.22

7.80

15

NO.2 EC X-FMR(9KVA, 440/115

7.20

7.20

0.09

0.68

0.05

0.34

0.19

1.36

0.33

2.38

0.19

1.36

16

D/G PREHEATER

4.50

18.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

17

D/G LO PRIMING PUMP

0.90

3.60

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

300 GROUP SUB-TOTAL

635.20

89.04

57.42

132.66

175.98

106.52

CTRIC LOAD
ECTRIC
LOAD ANALYSIS(ROK
ANALYSIS(ROK Navy
Navy standa
standa
NO

SWBS GROUP

TOTAL
CONNECTED
LOAD (kW)

ANSHORING
(kW)

SHORE(kW)

CRUSING (kW)

FUNCTIONAL
(kW)

EMERGENCY
(kW)

GROUP 200
(PROPULSION PLANT)

768.80

29.07

5.57

26.36

50.87

20.00

GROUP 300
(ELECTRIC PLANT)

635.20

89.04

57.42

132.66

175.98

106.52

GROUP 400
(COMMAND &
SURVEILANCE)

485.64

29.75

5.93

185.64

213.42

60.87

GROUP 500
(AUXILIARY SYSTEM)

2562.30

380.56

308.65

708.24

633.76

333.50

GROUP 600
(OUTFIT & FURNISHING)

228.20

34.03

31.57

44.11

28.68

0.00

GROUP 700
(ARMAMENT)

198.90

11.03

6.80

10.25

80.98

21.90

SUB TOTAL

4879.04

573.48

415.94

1107.26

1183.69

542.79

DESIGN MARGIN(5%)

243.95

28.67

20.80

55.36

59.18

27.14

FUTURE GROWTH MARGIN (10%)

487.90

57.35

41.59

110.73

118.37

54.28

TOTAL

5610.90

659.50

478.33

1273.35

1361.24

624.20

79.5%

57.6%

D/G : 830 kW x 1 set

D/G : 830 kW x 2 set
D/G : 830 kW x 3 set
D/G : 830 kW x 4 set

75.2%
76.7%

82.5%

KEY PLAN OF MAIN

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT
CONCEPT

Radial Distribution

Combined Radial and

Zone Distribution

ABT: Automatic Bus Transfer

Zone Distribution

EY PLAN
KEY
PLAN FOR
FOR ELECTRIC
ELECTRIC POWER
POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEM

SETTING
SETTING OF
OF CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT BREAKER
BREAKER
SINGLE
1. F(Breaker frame) >
CONSUMER
Short Ka (Current)
SETTING
2. A, E Selection :
F/A
(100/15
)

F/C

Start
er

F/A
M

F/A
F/E

M
Load

Rated
Current(A
)

Rated
Current(A
)
Rated
Current(A
)

Consider rating
current, starting
current and starting
time of the load Also
breaker characteristic
curve shall be
considered.
(Normally,
* Rate current x 1.5 1.6 times for motor
type load,
*Rated current x 1
times for heater type
load)

GROUP
CONSUMER
SETTING
F/A
(100/15
)

F/C

Start
er

F/A
M

F/A
F/E

M
Load

Rated
Current(A
)

Rated
Current(A
)
Rated
Current(A
)

3. C Selection :
1) Generally, below two
method can be selected
(1) IEEE Standard
Most high rated current x
1.25+ Sum of other rated
current + Spare breaker
setting x 0.5
(2) IEC Standard
Sum of rated current +
Spare breaker setting x 0.5
4. Etc. :
1) Generator breaker
setting : Rated x 110%
2) Steering Gear breaker
setting : Only Inst. Trip
setting

CABLE
CABLE SIZE
SIZE SELECTION
SELECTION

NGLECable
CONSUMER
size

> Rate current

(Heater type load)
Cable size > Rate Currentx1.2
~ 1.3 (Motor type load)

ROUP CONSUMER

Cable size > Breaker

setting current

.SHORT
.SHORT CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT CALCULATION
CALCULATION (IEC61363-1)
(IEC61363-1

I ac

U0
3 X d''

I dc 2 I ac
I p 2 I ac I dc

EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (Calculation)
(Calculation)

190 KVA, 152 kW, 450V

243A, 60Hz 3Ph 1800RPM

G1

SHORE 1

G4

SHORE 2

G3

G2

Short Circuit point

ACB

ACB
Bus Tie 1

ACB
Bus Tie 2

ACB

Bus Tie 3

Bus Tie 4

MSB 1
1. Sub transient reactance of Generator
450
I ac
2.
3 0.106
2.45 kA

MSB 2

X d 0.106

I p 2 2 2.45

CB

5. Motor :

3. Peak short circuit of 4 Generator

4 6.92
27.68 kA
4. The a.c component of 4 Generator and motor

58.3kW, 440V, 98A

I ac ( M ) 3.2 98

6.92 kA

4 2.45 0.784
10.59 kA

ACB

Ip

0.314 kA
8 98
0.784 kA

6. Short circuit current at main bus bar :

I ac 10.59 0.314 10.9 kA
I p 27.68 0.784 28.47 kA
7. Choose ACB
- Rated short circuit making capacity not less than 28.47 kA
- Rated short circuit breaking capacity not less than 10.9 kA

EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (Program
(Program E-TAP)
E-TAP)
E-TAB

Modeling of
Power System

Calculation Result

OLTAGE
OLTAGE DROP
DROP CALCULATION
CALCULATION (MIL-HDBK-299(
(MIL-HDBK-299(
AC 3 PHASE
Vd 3IZL
%Vd

Vd
100%
V

DC/AC 1 PHASE
Vd 2 IZL
%Vd

Vd
100%
V

Vd = Voltage
drop(V)
Vd = Voltage
drop(%)
I = Load
Current(A)
L = Cable
Length(m)
Z =
Impedance(/m)

EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (Calculation)
(Calculation)
G1

SHORE 1

G4
1

SHORE 2

G3

G2

243 A
2(3x95) sq.mm
20

ACB

ACB
Bus Tie 1

ACB
Bus Tie 2

Bus Tie 3

MSB 1

ACB
Bus Tie 4

MSB 2

1. Circuit 1 : Nexans cable, Type MGGO 0.6/1.0 kV

Voltage drop = 0.75 V/Axkm
2. Voltage drop from G1 to MSB1

ACB

0.75 243 20
1000
3.64 V
V
%V d 100
V
3.64

100
450
0 .8 %

Vd

Function

Maximum overall voltage drop(%)

Bus tie between ship service switchboards

2.0 %

Bus feeder to load center

2.0 %

Shore power feeder

2.0 %

From ship service switchboard to terminal of

Power equipment

6.0 %

From ship service switchboard to terminal of

Electronic, interior communication control equipment

6.0 %

Aircraft servicing cable from line voltage regulator to the

disconnect switch

0.5 %

DESIGN CRITERIA
OF GENERATOR

1. Selection the type of prime mover according to the propulsion system

2. If the vessel LOA is over 90m, at least three generator shall be provided(including
emergency generator)
3. No emergency generator is required if ships generators are located in two or more
separated

watertight bulkheads

4. In the event of damage of one ship service generator, the remaining ship service
generators will carry the functional load
5. In event the loss of two adjacent machinery spaces, the remaining ship service and
emergency generators will carry the functional load (In case of frigate)
6. Future growth margin shall be considered in order to provide sufficient generating
capacity for the entire life
7. The generating plant shall be capable of supplying the maximum operating load
without exceeding 90 percent of the remaining on-line generator capacity.

8. Proper operation load of generator to be:

- Diesel generator : 50 ~ 90%
- Gas-turbine generator : 10 ~ 90%
9. Instantaneous voltage dip shall be less than 16%
10. Generator operation efficiency should be considered

GENERATING
SYSTEM TRAD-OFF
PROCEDURE

NERATING SYSTEM
ENERATING
SYSTEM TRAD-OFF
TRAD-OFF PROCEDUR
PROCEDUR

QUALITY OF
POWER

ALITY
ALITY OF
OF POWER
POWER (MIL(MIL- STD
STD 1399
1399 300B
300B
Characteristics

Type I

Type 2

Type 3

60 Hz

400 Hz

400 Hz

3%(5% for submarines)

5%

0.5%

3. Frequency modulation

0.5%

0.5%

0.5%

4. Frequency transient tolerance

4%

4%

1%

5.5%

6.5%

1.5%

2 seconds

2 seconds

0.25 seconds

440, 115, 115/220 Vrms

440, 115Vrms

440, 115, 115/200 Vrms

3%(0.5% for 440Vrms, 1% for 115Vrms

for submarines)

3%

2%

a. Average line-to-line voltage from nominal

5%

5%

2%

b. Line-to-line voltage from nominal include items 8 and 9a

7%

7%

3%

10. Voltage modulation

2%

2%

1%

11. Maximum departure voltage from nominal resulting from

item 8,9a,9b and 10 combined except under transient or
emergency condition

8%

8%

4%

12. Voltage transient tolerance

16%

16%

5%

13. Worst case voltage excursion from nominal resulting

from item 8,9a,9b ,10 and 102 combined except under
transient or emergency condition

20%

20%

5.5%

2 seconds

2 seconds

0.25 seconds

2.5 kV(440 Vrms sys)

1.0 kV(115 Vrms sys)

2.5 kV(440 Vrms sys)

1.0 kV(115 Vrms sys)

2.5 kV(440 Vrms sys)

1.0 kV(115 Vrms sys)

Frequency
1. Normal frequency
2. Frequency tolerance

5. Worst case frequency excursion from nominal resulting

from item2, 3, 4 combined, except under emergency
conditions
6. Recovery time from items 4 or 5
Voltage
7. Norminal user volage
8. line-to line voltage unbalance
9. User voltage tolerance

14. Recovery time from item 12 or item 13

15. Voltage spike (= peak value)

DC POWER
SYSTEM

DC
DC POWER
POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEM
DC power system is feed to loads
required DC 24V or DC 28V source
COMPONENT
- Battery Charger(Rectifier) :
Changed to DC 24V from Main source
(AC 440V 3PH 60Hz)
- Distribution Board : Feed to loads
- Batteries : Alternative source

BATTERY
BATTERY CALCULATION
CALCULATION

.Discharging Criteria
Load
Distress communication
Propulsion Control
Other system

Discharging Time

Remark

6 hours

SOLAS

4 hours

Diesel Engine Propulsion

1 hours

Gas Turbine Propulsion

0.5 hours

SOLAS

culation Battery Rating(10hr, 25C )

1
C K1 I1 K 2 I 2 I1 K n I n I n 1
L
C : Battery Capacity (Ah)
L : Maintenance Factor(Aging Factor)
I : Discharging Current
K : Ratio of rated ampere-hour
capacity(at 10hr rate, 25C)

(Ah)

KT
KT CURVES(ES
CURVES(ES BATT.)
BATT.)

(Ex) Communication Battery

a) Discharging Current :
3139W
24V =
130.8
A
b) Discharging
Time
: 0.5
hour
c) Calculation
C = (1/L)xK1xL1
=
Battery
:
(1/0.8)x1.0x130.8 = 163.5
d)AH
Battery Selection : DC 24V
200AH(200AH-12Vx2V)

4.Load Analysis of 24VDC

Connected
Load(W)

Normal
Load(W)

Abnormal
Load(W)

Sub Total

Margin(10%)

Total

Sub Total

2034.0

0.00

2853.6

Margin(10%)

203.4

0.00

285.4

Total

2237.4

0.00

34139.0

Sub Total

15838.9

3433.3

3537.7

Margin(10%)

1583.9

343.3

353.8

Total

17422.8

3776.7

3891.4

Sub Total

1310.0

202.4

79.6

Margin(10%)

131.0

20.2

8.0

Total

1441.0

222.6

87.6

Load

Distress communication

Communication Load

General
Ship service
Propulsion
Control

Discharging
Time(Hour)

6.0

0.5

0.5

4.0

BATTERY
BATTERY CHARGER
CHARGER

alculation Battery Charger

Ah E
C
L A
T

C : Battery charging
rating (A)
Ah : Battery capacity
E : Charging
characteristic
constant(1.1)
T : Charging time(8 hour
base)
L : Normal Load

VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE DROP
DROP CALCULATION
CALCULATION

1.General Calculation
D : Voltage drop(%)
R 2L I
D dc
100 %
V

Rdc :Direct current

Resistance(/km) *From cable
maker
L : Cable length(m)
V : Normal voltage(V)

L-STD Cable Calculation(24VDC)

IL
D% 65C 24.42
100
AE

D : Voltage drop(%)
I : Load current(A)
L : Cable length(Feet)
A : Circular mil cross-sectional
area of conductor[MCM]
E : Normal voltage(V)

LIGHTING
SYSTEM

NCIPLES
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTE
NCIPLES
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTE
Lighting system shall be devide
into volumes which is to be
supplied from central distribution
Short vertical
point
Minimum length

and horizontal
and
weight
Central
Shape
distribution
point
approximate a
near center of
cube
Electrical system is subdivided
volume in

to zones, equipment and wiring for

the lighting system for each zone
shall be confined with in
boundaries of that zone

Lighting feeder is 220V 60Hz

energized from lighting load
center or switchboard which
installed adjacent to the center
The
load on each
distribution
point three phase
circuit will be balanced among
phase
The number of lighting fixtures
install
in
each
circuit
shall
be
- Voltage drop
determined the following factors
- Control features
required
- Current carrying
capacity of cable

Lighting feeder is 220V 60Hz

energized from lighting load
center or switchboard which
installed adjacent to the center
The load on point
each three phase
distribution
circuit will be balanced among
phase
The
number of lighting fixtures
- Voltage
install
in each
circuit shall be
drop
determined
the following factors
- Control features
required
- Current carrying
capacity of cable
- Rating of switch, fuses,

UMINATION
UMINATION LEVEL
LEVEL(ROK
(ROK Navy
Navy stand
stand
G=GENERAL Functional group
D = DETAIL Equipment or furniture

Footcadl
e

Lux

Hangar and air control and associated space, except:

Flight deck crew shelter

14.0
7.0

150
75

Living and recreation spaces, except :

Recreation areas
Berthing areas
Library
Reading and writing areas

14.0
28.0
7.0
28.0
42.0

150
300
75
300
450

G
D

Foodservice and messing space

Food preparation counter
Range tops

28.0
42.0
42.0

300
450
450

Damage control space except:

Repair stations
Foam injection station

14.0
7.0
7.0

150
75
75

1 footcandle = 10.76
lux

POWER
CABLE

S
S MILITARY
MILITARY SHIPBOARD
SHIPBOARD CABLE
CABLE

CONCLUSI
ON

ELECTRICAL
ELECTRICAL DESIGN
DESIGN

DESI
GN

ONE LINE
DIAGRAM

SHORT
CIRCUIT
CALCULATIO
N

LOAD
ANALYSIS
KEY PLAN
POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEM WIRING
DIAGRAM
MAIN CABLE
TRAY
VOLTAGE DROP
CALCULATION
LIST OF
EQUIPMEN
T
SHOP
DRAWIN

ELECTRICAL
ARRANGEMENT
DRAWING

LIST OF
CABLE

CABLE
LAYING
DRAWIN
G