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SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF

COCONUT OIL BASED NANOFLUID


PROJECT GUIDE : Mr. KMB.Karthikeyan. M.E.
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department.
St. Josephs College of Engineering

GROUP MEMBERS:
V. Mithun Chandar Reg.No.312311114067.
J. Muneer Ahmed Reg.No.312311114071.

CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. OBJECTIVE
3. APPLICATION
4. FLOW CHART
5. ALUMINA
6. MOS2
7. COCONUT OIL
8. HYBRID
9. BALL MILLING

ABSTRACT
Thermo-physical and heat transfer capabilities of nanoparticles
suspended in natural oils tends to replace conventional fluids
due to excellent lubricating properties and good
biodegradability. The biodegradable nano fluids find wide
application in metal working. Coconut oil based nano fluids are
environmental friendly and has good biodegradability and
excellent lubricating properties compared to mineral oils,
synthetic fluids and petroleum based fluids.

ABSTRACT
In this investigation the alumina & MoS2 nanopowders were
suspended at 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% volume in virgin coconut oil as
base fluid. The thermalphysical properties of coconut oil based
nano fluids were investigated and are compared with raw virgin
coconut oil. The thermal conductivity of nanofluid with 0.5%
volume of nanopowders increased by 14% as compared to
virgin coconut oil. The study reported decrease in kinematic
viscosity of nanofluids by 6.70% compared to virgin coconut oil.

OBJECTIVE
To develop a eco friendly Nano fluid using virgin coconut oil.
To study the performance of Nano fluid at various concentration of Nano
powder(0.1%,0.3%,0.5%).
To study the behaviour of Nano fluid at various
temperatures(25C,50C,75C).
To study the physical properties of Nano fluid such as density , viscosity,
specific volume & specific gravity.
To study the thermal conductivity of Nano fluid.

APPLICATION

Lubricant .

Transformer oil.
Bio diesel.
Additive to Refrigerant.
Heat exchangers.
Coolant

START

RAW MATERIAL

FLOW
CHART

BALL
MILLING
SEM
ANALYSIS

IF
SIZE

<100nm

N
O

YES
ULTRASONICATION

TESTING OF
THERMO-PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES .

RESULT

END

WHY ALUMINA(AlO)
?

Relatively high thermal conductivity (30


Wm1K1)
Ceramic material.
Chemically more stable.
Insoluble in water & oil.
Availability is high.
Less cost when compared
silver & diamond.
Low thermal expansion.

to copper,

WHY MoS 2 ?
Solid lubricant.
Low friction properties.
High stable up to 350C.
It acts as a surfactant with
alumina mixture.
Insoluble in oil and water.

WHY VIRGIN COCONUT OIL

Abundant in nature.

Natural lubricant.

Pure and no chemicals added.

Used in transformer oil and bio


diesel.

Low in cost when compared to other


mineral oil.

Anti corrosive property.

Eco-friendly.

WHAT IS HYBRID?

The combination of alumina and molybdenum disulphide


Nano powder with the base fluid coconut oil is called as
Hybrid Nano fluid.

BALL MILLING
DESCRIPTION
It is a type of grinder used to grind materials into extremely fine
powder for use in paints and ceramics.
It works on the principle of impact i.e., size reduction is done by
impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell.
SPECIFICATION

No. of balls used = 36.


Ball diameter= 10mm.
Ball & cylinder material = tungsten carbide.
Cylinder O.D = 9.8 cm.
Cylinder I.D = 8 cm.
Speed = 300 rpm.
Mass added = 75 g.
Grinding time = 130 minutes.
Size reduction 400nm to <100 nm(avg.85 nm).

BALL MILLING

BALL MILLING PROCESS

BA
LL

SIZ
RE E
DU
CT
IO
N

MI
LL
IN

SEM ANALYSIS

ALUMINA POWDER
MAGNIFICATION : 1000X

MAGNIFICATION : 2500X

MAGNIFICATION : 4990X

MAGNIFICATION :10000X

MAGNIFICATION :
25000X

MoS2 POWDER
MAGNIFICATION : 1000X

MAGNIFICATION :
25000X

VOLUME CONCENTRATION
Formula
Volume concentration % =
Where
W(np) weight of nanoparticle.
(np )- density of nanoparticle.
W(oil) weight of oil.
(oil )- density of oil.
Known data:

S.NO

Sample

Density(Kg/m3)

Coconut Oil

920

Alumina powder

3550

MoS2 powder

4950

Volume concentration at 0.1 % , 0.3 %, 0.5 %


To determine:

weight of Nano powder W(np) for 0.1% ,0.3% ,0.5%.

Using the known data and applying in the above formula ,we get
the following results.

Weight of nanopowder (g)


Nano powder
0.1 %

0.3%

0.5%

Alumina

0.35

1.07

1.78

MoS2

0.49

1.49

2.49

ULTRASONICATION
Sonication is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles
in a sample, for various purposes.
Ultrasonic frequencies (>20 kHz) are usually used, leading to the
process also being known as ultra sonication .
It is used to prevent agglomeration (settling down of particles) in
the synthesis of Nano fluid.
Working process:
During sonication, kinetic energy of the oil molecules and the Nano
powder molecules increases due to applied ultrasonic frequency,
which is suddenly arrested by switching off the apparatus which
thereby prevents agglomeration.

ULTRASONIC
PROBE TYPE SONICATOR

SYNTHESIS OF NANO
Alumina nanofluid: FLUIDS
From the volume concentration table , the required weight of
alumina powder for corresponding volume concentration has
been added to the base fluid (oil) and it is subjected to ultra
sonication. Thus alumina nanofluid has been synthesised.
Hybrid nanofluid:
From the volume concentration table , the required weight of
alumina & MoS2 powder for corresponding volume concentration
has been added to the base fluid (oil) and it is subjected to ultra
sonication. Thus hybrid nanofluid has been synthesised.

ALUMINA NANOFLUID

HYBRID NANO FLUID

ALUMINA NANOFLUID
RESULTS

HYBRID NANOFLUID
RESULTS

RESULT ANALYSIS

S. Sample
No name

Densit Specific Specific


y
gravity
volume
(Kg/m3 (no unit) 10-3(m3/Kg)
)
@ 15C

Kinematic
Viscosity
(10-6 m2/s)
@ 40C

Thermal conductivity
(W/mK)
25C

50C

75C

Coconut
Oil

920

0.920

1.086

27.30

0.171

0.173

0.177

0.1%
Alumina

950.4

0.950

1.052

25.30

0.186

0.188

0.190

0.3%
Alumina

953.9

0.953

1.048

25.38

0.194

0.195

0.196

0.5%
Alumina

962

0.962

1.039

25.46

0.195

0.197

0.199

0.1%
Hybrid

951.4

0.951

1.051

25.25

0.189

0.194

0.195

0.3%
Hybrid

959.4

0.959

1.042

25.26

0.191

0.196

0.196

0.5%
Hybrid

959.7

0.959

1.041

25.65

0.193

0.195

0.197

APPLICATIONCOOLANT
PROCESS Surface Grinding.
MATERIAL EN 8.
CONDITION Dry & Wet.
PARAMETER NOTED Surface Roughness.
COOLANT 0.5% Alumina Nanofluid.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS (Ra)
m
DRY

WET

NO.
OF.
PASS

0.2 mm

0.19

0.10

0.4 mm

0.18

0.10

0.6 mm

0.19

0.09

11

DEPTH OF
CUT

SURFACE ROUGHNESS
INSTRUMENT

ACHIEVEMENTS
There is a 9 to 17 % increase in thermal conductivity of
alumina Nano fluid with reference to coconut oil.
There is 10.5 to 16 % increase in thermal conductivity of
hybrid Nano fluid with reference to coconut oil.
Kinematic viscosity of nano fluid decreases when compared
to base fluid coconut oil.
Surface roughness decreases upto 50 % when 0.5% alumina
nano fluid is used as cutting fluid.

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE
S.NO

PARAMETERS

COST (Rs)

Alumina powder

2000

Oil 2 litres

320

50 ml sample bottles (24.nos)

170

Viscosity and density (oil)

1124

Density (alumina and MoS2)

1124

MoS2 100gm

1500

Ball milling(75mg alumina & MoS2)

300

SEM analysis

1780

Thermal conductivity & specific heat(oil)

3370

10

Particle size analyser

720

11

Ultra sonication

1100

12

Thermal conductivity of Nano fluid

5000

13

Density & viscosity of Nano fluid

3340

14

EN 8

775

15

Surface Grinding (wet & dry)

1600

16

Surface Finish(wet & dry)

1200

17

Total

25,435.00

PROJECT SOURCE AREA:


MATERIAL:
Alumina powder
Mos2 powder

Lab chemicals ,Parrys.

EN 8 Sri Guruvayurrapa enterprises, Padi.


MACHINING:
Ball milling V.B.ceramics,Perungudi.
Ultrasonication Sathyabama University.
TESTING :
Thermal conductivity DELTA labs,Perumbakkam.
Density & Viscosity ITA Lab, Parrys.
SEM test A.C.Tech , Guindy.
Surface Roughness-Khosaka calibration lab,Ambattur

REFERENCES

S.NO

PAPER TITLE

AUTHOR NAME

METHODOLOGY

JOURNAL

Experimental
Study of Thermophysical
Properties
of Al2O3/Water
Nano fluid.

Kamaldeep Singh,
Sumeet Sharma,
D. Gangacharyulu.

Two step method.

IJRMET Vol. 3, Issue


2, May - Oct 2013

Nano Technology
Lubricants
from Millers Oils.

LUBE Magazine.

Tribological
properties and
lubricating
mechanisms of
Cu nanoparticles
in lubricant.

YU He-long, XU Yi, SHI


Pei-jing,
XU Bin-shi, WANG Xiaoli, LIU Qian.

Single step method.

Transaction of
Nonferrous Metal
Society of China

Nanofluid and its


Application

Manoj Nagar, Shivendra


Kumar Dwivedi, Gaurav

Single step method.

INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICAL &
RESEARCH
SCIENCES

------------

www.millersoils.co.u
k

THANK YOU

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