SEMINAR ON

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
AND GOVERNANCE
PRESENTED BY: JOVE G. REVOCAL

SOCIETIES, NATIONS AND

STATES

BACKGROUND

PEOPLE AND SOCIETY

FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Population: 66, 259,012

Population: 142,470,272

Population: 1, 236,344,631

Population growth rate :

0.45 %

Population growth rate :

-0.03%

Population growth rate :

1.25%

Urbanization :
urban Population : 85.80%

Urbanization :
urban Population : 73.80%

Urbanization :
urban Population : 31.30%

rate of urbanization : 1.80%

rate of urbanization : 0.13%

rate of urbanization : 2.47%

Literacy: 99%
Male : 99.00%
Female : 99.00%

Literacy: 99.70%
Male : 99.70%
Female : 99.60%

Literacy: 62.80%
Male : 75.20%
Female : 50.80%

PHILLIPINE
S
Population: 107, 668, 231 (July
2014 est.) 13th
Population growth rate :
1.81 % (67th)
Urbanization :
urban Population : 48.80 %
rate of urbanization : 2.16 %
Literacy: 95.40%
Male : 95.00%
Female : 95.40%

GEOGRAPHY & TERRITORY

FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Metropolitan France, Territories:

French Guiana, Guadaloupe,
Martinuque, Mayotte
Area:
Total : 643,801 sq. km
Land : 640,427 sq. km
Water : 3,374 sq.km

North Asia bordering the Arctic

Ocean, extending from Europe to
the North Pacific Ocean
Area:
Total : 17, 098,242 sq. km
Land : 16,377,742 sq. km
Water : 720, 500 sq.km

Southern Asia bordering the

Arabian Sea and the Bay of
Bengal between Burma and
Pakistan
Area:
Total : 3,287,263 sq. km
Land : 2,973,193 sq. km
Water : 314,070 sq.km

PHILLIPINE
S
Southeastern Asia,
archipelago between
the Philippine Sea
and the South China
Sea
Area:
Total : 300, 000
sq. km
Land : 298,170
sq. km
Water : 1,830
sq.km

ECONOMIC, CULTURAL
AND IDENTITY
STRUCTURES

ECONOMIC CLASS
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Social groups Capitalists, workers,

and peasants

In 1970s & early 1980s, there was

an upper class: the Communist Party
Elite. In 1990s, oligarchic capitalism
happened, individuals came to
dominate segments of the economy
and shape political development. In
early 2000s, small middle class
emerged, primarily concentrated in
larger cities and composed of
younger citizens.

Indias class structure shifted from

planned toward liberal economies.
Inequality has increased since
liberalization. At the very top is a
small group of business people, key
politicians and bureaucrats.
Significant growth of the Indian
economy has produced an enlarge
middle class, estimated at over 300
million. Much of the population falls
into the lower classes. Poorest in
India are living below the poverty
line (about 22 cents per day)

Despite occupational and political

differences and recent increases in
wealth concentrations related to
globalization, wealth disparities in
todays France are among the lowest
in the world. Since the end of World
War II, many elites have come to
value prestige and status over
financial gains

PHILIPPINE
S
Growing middle class and many
living below the poverty line

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PHILLIPINE
S

FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Economically developed country

Economically developed country

(developed/industrialized country)

(Rich country)

Less Developed country (Developing

country)

Less Developed country (Developing

country)

French capitalism uses the power of

the state to promote certain sectors,
protect vulnerable business and
cushion others from economic
failure

Economic success is due to the high

global price of oil.

It is believed that an economic take

off is well underway in India.

GDP: 454.9 billion (32nd)

GDP: $2.275 trillion (10th)

GDP: $2.553 trillion (7th)

GDP : $4.99 trillion (4th)

POLITICAL CULTURE
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

French political culture was long

divided by the competing legacies of
the revolution. Supporters of the
Republican approach emphasizes
social relationships, religion and
countrys history. The fifth Republic
attempts to consolidate the social
advances while appropriating the
symbols of authority, status and
order.

Political culture has the tendency to

connect system legitimacy to
economic and military performance.
The Russian people have a long
tradition of emphasizing the
collective over the individual

Accepts the underlying hierarchical

system that places great value in
power & status. Appreciates the
utility of personal connections more
than institutional rules. Accepts
notion of unity in diversity.

PHILLIPINE
S
Traditional political system
Political Dynasty

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Emphasizes modernization,
solidarity, and the social mission of
the state through the provision of
pensions, health care, housing and
unemployment benefits

Both the Marxist ideology and the

ideological free-for-all have given
way to Vladimir Putins more
pragmatic vision of doing whatever
is necessary to create an
internationally respected and
economically prosperous Russia.

The ideologies that have arisen in

the Indian polity have often seemed
incongruent with aspects of its
fragmented political culture.
Disputes between major political
parties do not center on grand
economic ideologies. Some pursue
state-led development and some
parties view on the role of the state
in the economy but with a communal
orientation embodied in an ideology.

PHILLIPINE
S
Tuwid na Daan

IDENTITY STRUCTURE : NATIONAL IDENTITY

FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

The French Republic is based on the

concept of universalism, which
recognizes each person as an equal
individual interacting with the state
free from the intervention of other
social structure. Differences
whether they are believed to be
biological, cultural or religious
have no political significance. As a
result identity-based movement
raise the question of LOYALTY.

CLASS DIVISION there is a visible

rich class. Class division have
become increasingly important since
the collapse of Communist system.

The national identity was built in a

notion of unity in diversity. Indias
caste, religious, ethnic and regional
memberships have help shape the
countrys politics.

RELIGION Orthodox Christianity,

Muslim
Ethnic National identity (Ethnic
Russians) forms 80 percent of
Russias population

PHILLIPINE
S
Religion Catholisism
Diversed ethnic groups

POLITICAL STRUCTURES

POLITICAL STRUCTURE: SYSTEM,

REGIME AND GOVERNMENT
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Regime Type: The Fifth Republic

combines aspects of majoritarian
and concensus democratic systems
(Liberal Democracy). Significant
power is in the Presidents hand

Russia had a brief experience with

democracy in the 1990s, but moved
steadily towards authoritarianism
under the former president and
current prime minister, Vladimir
Putin.

Regime Type : Parliamentary

Democracy.
Indias political system is regularly
labeled the worlds largest
democracy. Indian political system
place great power in the hands of
the prime minister.

PHILLIPINE
S
Regime Type : Republic

CONSTITUTION
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

The current French constitution was

the vision of General de Gaulle and
provides for a strong president. De
Gaulles Constitution was approved
in October 1958.

In 2003, Rusian voters approved a

new constitution and selected
members of a new lower house of
parliament, the Duma. The new
constitution eliminated the position
of vice president but included a dual
executive system with a prime
minister as well as a powerful
president.

A constituent assembly adopted the

Indian constitution in 1950. Two
features of the Indian constitution
are worthy of notes. First, it
provides for the centralization of
power. Second, the detailed nature
of the constitution has meant that
legislators have had to amend it
frequently to accomplish their goal.

PHILLIPINE
S
Latest ratified February 2, 1987

LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

France is a traditional unitary

system, where the government has
shown little desire to increase the
power of local governments. Within
the unitary framework, France is
diveded into 26 regions. These
regions are broken into 100
departments. Within the department
are 342 districts and a total more
than 36, 000 localities.

Russia remains a federal system,

though one in which the central
government continues to consolidate
power at the expense of the regional
government. It has 83 regions with
various standing

India is a federal system in which

the central government yields
significant power. It has 28 federal
units below the level of the federal
government, each with its own
legislature.. It has three levels of
governemnt: (1) two houses of
parliament-house of the people and
council of the state; (2) Federal
territorial unit (the principal
legislative bidy); (3) the forms and
power of the local government

PHILLIPINE
S
Administrative Division : 80
provinces, 39 chartered cities. There
is devolution of power from the
central government to local
government units.

Executive: PARLIAMENTARY, PRESIDENTIAL,

SEMIPRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Semi-presidential political system

Semi-presidential political system

Parliamentary

It has a prime minister and a

president with substantial political
powers

It has a prime minister and a

president with substantial political
powers

It has a prime minister and a

separate head of state (president)
with little real power over day-day
politics

PHILLIPINE
S
Presidential political system

LEGISLATURES AND EXECUTIVES

PHILLIPINE
S

FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

The French Parliament is weaker

than most national legislature.
Divided between the directly elected
National assembly and a Senate
selected by an electoral college,
parliament is charge with approval
of the budget and the passage of
laws that can be initiated in either
house or by the government.

Bicameral

Bicameral

Bicameral

(1)

Lower House: Duma

(1)

Lower House: Lok Sabha

(1)

(2)

Upper House: Federation

Council

(2)

Upper House: Rajya Sabha

Lower House: House of

Representatives

(2)

Upper House: Senate

JUDICIARIES
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

The judiciary is not fused with other

branches, but it clearly is the
weaker and more subordinate
branch. French courts were
designed this way in the Fifth
Republic to avoid judicial meddling
and ensure the peoples sovereignty
through their elected
representatives.

The judicial branch has little

autonomy from the legislative
branch, and even more, the
executive branch. The judiciary has
been hindered by a desperate
shortage of judges and lawyers.

Using its power of judicial review, it

has been a check on Indian
legislators. Indias judiciary is
structured hierarchically: Supreme
court, high court, civil & criminal
court.

PHILLIPINE
S
Highest Court: Supreme court,
justices are appointed by the
president on the reccomendation of
the judicial & bar council
Subordinate court: court of
appeals, Sandiganbayan

BUREAUCRACIES
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

France has the largest and arguably

most powerful civil service in
Europe. The growth of French
bureaucracy continued even after
most other European countries
began to reduce the number of its
public employees.

The number of bureaucrats swelled

rather than contracted during
Putins tenure in office, as he used
positions in the bureaucracy to
reward those who displayed political
loyalty.

The bureaucracy has sustained

governance when political instability
has arisen and contributed to
popular frustration with government
by its slowness to act and its
susceptibility to the influences of
power and money.

PHILLIPINE
S
Padrino system,

ELITES, MASSES, AND

POLITICAL DECISION MAKING

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

Large
scale
demonstrations
organized by farmers and students.
France
is
no
stranger
to
unconventional participation. Survey
results indicate that the French
public thinks about and discusses
politics more than many other
general populations. The French
vote at a rate relatively high.

Scholars studying mass political

participation in Russia believed that
the country had the potential to
develop a pattern of participation
familiar
in
the
established
democracies but alien under the old
Soviet system. But surveys in the
late
2990s
indicated
that
participation
in
conventional
political activities was lower in
Russia than in any of the other 12
post-communist countries examined.

Both unconventional and violent and

the conventional and nonviolent
approaches
to
mass
political
participation are found in India.

PHILLIPINE
S
Conventional Approaches to voice
out ideas, opposition to some
political undertakings

POLITICAL PARTIES AND

ELECTORAL SYSTEM
FRANCE

RUSSIA

INDIA

France has had three periods during

the fifth Republic that a single party
controlled majority of the seats in
the National assembly.

By the middle of 2007, United

Russia was poised to become the
central party of Russias emerging
one-party dominant system. There
are 78 political parties registered
with Russias Ministry of Justice

India has 6 national party

PHILLIPINE
S
Laban ng demokratikong Pilipino,
Lakas-CMD, Liberal Party,
Nacionalista Party, PDP Laban, etc.

END OF
PRESENTATION
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