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Sample
Form 1 student about 30.
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT
Strength
Weaknesses
interesting; no
more chalk and
talk
The influences of
L1; multi cultural
background
Opportunities
Threats
All form 1
students have
the chance
Poor L2
proficiencies
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT
DATA
COLLECTION & ANALYSIS
Questionnaire
Pre-post oral test
Interviewing the stakeholders
SPSS & observation
Reflection
Different background of student, different L1
& cultures
One result has been a great expansion of
bilingual education to provide for the
educational needs of students with limited
proficiency in English.(PPSMI-MBMMBI)
To better understand programming needs,
some clarification of terms is necessary
clarification that can lead to far more effective
instructional methods.
Cont
In language learning, students should be encouraged
to use their previous experiences with oral and
written language to develop their second language
and to promote their growth to literacy (Au and
Jordan 1981; Hudelson 1986, Edelsky 1986; Cummins
and Swain 1986; Enright and McCloskey 1988).
Students bring to school cultural identities,
knowledge, and experiences that should be awarded
by instructional practices rather than replaced or
forgotten as learning takes place (Cummins 1986;
Heath 1983; Jordan 1985; Moll and Diaz 1987).
Cont
It is also acknowledged that it is
impossible to totally separate
language and culture. Consequently,
the term bilingual education includes
the concept of bicultural education
(Ovando and Collier 1985).
Underlying Principles of
Second-Language
Acquisition