B.TECH.

TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

MATERIAL SELECTION IN HIGH

SPEED CAR- A CASE STUDY
Seminar ID: 636
By

Mr. Rajat Kumar Samantray

Roll#MECH201110184

Under the guidance of

Prof. Ramesh Chandra Das

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contents

INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
BASIC PARTS OF F1 CAR
BASIC LOADS
CARBON FIBER
COMPOSITE MATERIAL
CERAMIC MATERIAL
CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC
SOME PARTS AND MATERIALS
CONCLUSION

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

INTRODUCTION

Most sophisticated vehicles used in the most technologically

advanced form of sports.
Each F1 team has the responsibility to come up with the
most efficient design.
Speed of a high speed car starts from 250km/h .
Bringing the F1 cars to a halt is an incredible challenge.
Bloodhound SSC Super car is the fastest car with a speed of
about 1050mph or 1670Kmph.

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

History
The history of Formula One has its roots in the European Grand Prix motor
racing (1947 history) of the 1920s and 1930s.
However, the foundation of Formula One began in 1946 with the Fdration
Internationale de l'Automobile's (FIA's) standardization of rules.
A World Drivers' Championship followed in 1950.

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.

1959

1982
1977
Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

BASIC PARTS OF F1 CAR

Chassis
Cockpit
Barge Boards
Diffuser
Engine
Tyre
Suspension System
Brake

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

The Chassis
This is an amazing structure on which the
above main parts are mounted
So it should have these properties

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.
High Strength
Good Rigidity
Corrosion resistance
Electrically Conductive
Fatigue Resistant
Good tensile strength
High Thermal Conductivity
Low coefficient of thermal expansion
Self Lubricating
So that Carbon Fiber is used
Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

The Cockpit

Cockpit is a very sparse environment.

Driver has limited movement.
Driver experiences Gravity-forces.
Designers are forever trying to lower the Centre of
gravity of the car.
Carbon fiber and some composites are used .

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

The Engine

Engine plays an important role in F1 car

Ten times horse-power of a normal road car.
Operate at very high temperatures(2000 C)
Limited to 3 liter, normally with 10 cylinders
Some composites like Continuous reinforced fibers
and discontinuous fibres used.
And some Polymer like Thermosetting and
Thermoplastic polymers are used.
Sometimes Ceramics like Silicon Nitride, Alumina
and Zirconia also used.

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.

COMPOSITE ENGINE

CERAMIC ENGINE
Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

The Tyre and Wheel

The Tyres are the only direct contact patch between the track and the car.
The performance of such racing tyres are therefore highly important and are
all centered around increasing grip.
To deform quite quickly and regain its shape quite slowly, helping to
maintain grip.
Adhesion done by some
makeup of rubber.

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.
The

compound (image-1) is
based on three main elements:
carbon, oil and sulphur.
To keep the tyre together there
are bracing plies embedded in
the rubber (image-2).
The carcass (image-3) is
composed of a Nylon and
polyester framework, in a
complex weave.
Below 70 C there is not enough
grip, between 70-95 C ideal
performance and after 95 C
wearing starts and failure occurs.

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.
Wheels must be made from
AZ70 or AZ80 magnesium
alloys.

Wheels must be made from an

homogeneous metallic
material with a minimum
density of 1.74g/cm3 at 20C.

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Basic Loads
Bending case
Torsion case
Combined bending and torsion case
Lateral loading
Fore and Aft loading
Longitudinal Loading

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Carbon Fiber
Mechanical Properties are
High Strength to weight ratio
Good Rigidity
Corrosion resistance
Electrically Conductive
Fatigue Resistance
Good tensile strength but Brittle
High Thermal Conductivity in some forms
Low coefficient of thermal expansion
Self Lubricating
Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic is over 4 times
stiffer than Glass reinforced plastic, almost 20
times more than pine, 2.5 times greater than
aluminum

Standard Modulus
Intermediate Modulus
High Modulus
Ultra High Modulus
500GPa

up to 250GPa
250-350GPa
350-500GPa
greater than

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Composite Material
Made from two or more other different materials
which remain distinct from each other after joining.

Continuous fibers reinforced composites

Discontinuous fibers reinforced

composites

Thermosetting polymers

Thermoplastic polymer

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Ceramic Vs. Metal

Normal metal Engine
Maximum service temperature is less than
600 C
Low combustion efficiency (due to the lower
operating temperatures of metals)
Substantial heat loss (due to the high
thermal conductivity of metals)
Some wear (resulting in some limited metal
component life)

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.
Many types of ceramics used in engine
Silicon Nitride
Silicon Carbide
Alumina
Zirconia

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Contd.
Can operate in high temperature
Increase performance
Decrease fuel consumption
Reduce pollution
Zirconias service temperature is ~2000 C
High temperature capability and a low thermal
conductivity
Cooling system may be eliminated
Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Plastic

Very strong, light but Expensive

Graphite fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) are also
used but less commonly
GFRP :Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics
CFRP :Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
AFRP :Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

Some parts and material

Aluminium alloy , Al-Mg,

Al-Zn,Al-Si,Al-Cu

Iron base alloy for

better strength

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

CONCLUSION
Advanced materials used in the construction of
automobiles are carbon fibers, composites,
polymers, ceramics, metals & alloys.
Carbon fiber is the most widely used construction
materials in racing car (around 70%).
Composites materials have polymer, metal or
ceramics matrix component & a second
component in shape of fiber or particulate
(reinforcing).
To reduce the weight of the car, material selection
plays a main role.
Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

REFERENCES
Inspired to Design:-F1 Cars,Indycars & racing
Tyres: BY Nigel Bannetts autobiography,year,
pp20-25.
http://www.ukessays.com/services/example-essays
/mechanics/stiffness-car-chassis.php
"F1 Transmission". F1technical.net. 3 October
2003. Retrieved 2010-08-25.

Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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B.TECH. TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION-2014

THANK YOU
Mr. RAJAT KUMAR SAMANTRAY(ROLL#MECH201110184)

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