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Electricity Overview
- What is Electricity?
-
- Electrostatics
-
- Circuits
-
- Applications
-
Laws of Electrostatics
- Law of Electrostatics:
Like charges repel,
opposite charges attract.
- For example, positive
charges repel other
positive charges, but
positive and negative
charges attract one
another.
- Law of Conservation of
Charge: Charges cannot
be created or destroyed,
only transferred.
- Therefore, an object
can be charged, but a
charge cannot be
created or destroyed.
- Induction
-
- Friction
-
Coulombs Law
- Coulombs Law is an inverse square law giving the force
of electrical attraction between two particles where q is
charge, r is radius, and k is Coulombs Law Constant.
Circuits
Circuits
- Circuits are made up of batteries, resistors,
ammeters (to measure current) and volt
meters (to measure voltage).
- Circuits can be connected in a series or in
parallel.
Ohms Law
- Ohms Law is essential to related the
elements of circuitry to one another. We can
relate power with P = I x V.
Series Circuits
- In series, current is conserved, and equal at
all points on the circuit.
- Total resistance equals the sum of all
resistors.
Parallel Circuit
- In parallel, voltage is conserved, and equal
at all points on the circuit.
- Total resistance equals the reciprocal of
1/Ra + 1/Rb + 1/Rc etc...
P=IxV
V=IxR
I = q/t
R = /A
Rs = R
- 1/Rp = 1/R
I = Current, V = Voltage, R = Resistance, = Resistivity, - Length, A = area,
q = Charge
Applications
- Consider a series circuit with a 12 Volt power core and
three phasor banks of 4, 5, and 6 Ohms, in that order.
- What is the Resistance of the circuit?
- What is the Voltage on phasor bank 2?
- What would the Resistance be if the circuit were
arranged in parallel?
- What is the total power output required to vaporize a
Borg Cube, assuming its shields are functional?
Applications
Solutions:
- 4 + 5 + 6 = 15
- I = 12V/15 = .8A
V = .8A x 5 = 4
- 1/Rtot = 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6
Rtot = 1 / (37/60) = 60/37 = 1.62
- Around 1 Captain Pacards worth.
Applications
- Consider a parallel circuit with a 18 Volt battery and two
Cyberdyne Systems T-1000 model Terminators with
resistances of 5 Ohms and 7 Ohms, respectively.
- What is the power of the circuit?
- What is the resistance of the circuit?
- What is the voltage at resistor 2?
- How did you manage to hook up the battery without
being vaporized by the terminators advanced targeting
systems?
Applications
Solutions:
- P = I x V R = 1 / (12/35) = 2.92
I = V / R = 1.16A P = 20.88W
- 2.92
- 12 Volts, voltage is conserved.
- Skill and good looks.
Applications
- Consider FrankenEric is connected in series to a
resistor of 8 Ohms, and himself acts as a resistor of 2
Ohms.
- If 25 Volts are required to bring Eric to life, what does
the voltage of the battery have to be?
- What would be the force of attraction between two
particles at the top and bottom of Erics body, if that
distance was 1.5 meters, and the particles had charges
of 6nC and 4nC?
Applications
Solutions:
- I = V/R I = 25V/2 = 12.5A
V = I x R V = 12.5 x 10 = 125V
- FE = k (q1q2)/r2
FE = (9.0 x 109) ((6 x 10-9)(4 x 10-9))/(1.52)
FE = 9.6 x 10-8 N x M2 / C2