4.

12: TANGENTS
A.Concepts
ConceptsAnd
AndCharacteristics
CharacteristicsOf
Of
A.
Tangents
Tangents
B.Concepts
ConceptsAnd
AndCharacteristics
CharacteristicsOf
Of
B.
Tangents
Tangents
C.Concepts
ConceptsAnd
AndCharacteristics
CharacteristicsOf
Of
C.
Tangents
Tangents
DeterminingThe
TheTangent
TangentPoint
Point
Determining
Between
A
Straight
Line
And
Circle
Between A Straight Line And AACircle
Determining The Tangent Points
Determining The Tangent Points
OfTwo
TwoStraight
StraightLines
Lines
Of
DeterminingAATangent
TangentPoint
PointBetween
BetweenTwo
Two
Determining
Circles
In
Touch
Internally
Or
Externally
Circles In Touch Internally Or Externally
DeterminingThe
TheTangent
TangentPoints
PointsBetween
Between
Determining
CircleAnd
AndTwo
TwoOther
OtherCircles
Circles
AACircle
DeterminingTangent
TangentPoints
PointsBetween
BetweenAA
Determining
StraightLine
LineAnd
AndTwo
TwoCircles
CirclesIn
InTouch
Touch
Straight
Externally
Externally
Determining Tangent Points Between A
Determining Tangent Points Between A
LineAnd
AndTwo
TwoCircles
CirclesIn
InTouch
TouchInternally
Internally
Line
WhenThe
ThePoint
PointIsIsOn
OnThe
TheCircumference
Circumference
When

When
WhenThe
ThePoints
PointsIsIsOutside
OutsideOf
OfThe
TheCircle
Circle
Constructing A Circle Tangent
Constructing A Circle Tangent
To
ToAAStraight
StraightLine
LineGiven
GivenRadius
Radiusof
ofCircle
Circle
Constructing A Circle In Tangent
Constructing A Circle In Tangent
To
ToTwo
TwoStraight
StraightLines
LinesGiven
GivenRadius
RadiusOf
OfCircle
Circle
Constructing
ConstructingAACircle
CircleTouching
TouchingExternally
ExternallyWith
With
Another
AnotherCircle
Circle
Constructing
ConstructingAACircle
CircleTouching
TouchingInternally
InternallyWith
With
Another
Circle
Another Circle
Constructing
ConstructingAn
AnArc
ArcIn
InTouching
TouchingInternally
InternallyTo
To
Two
Other
Circle
Two Other Circle
Constructing
ConstructingAn
AnArc
ArcIn
InTouching
TouchingExternally
Externally
With
Two
Other
Circles
With Two Other Circles
Constructing
ConstructingAACircle
CircleIn
InTouch
TouchWith
WithAnother
Another
Circle
CircleInternally
InternallyThrough
ThroughAAGiven
GivenPoint
Point
Constructing A Circle In Touch To Another
Constructing A Circle In Touch To Another
Circle
CircleThrough
ThroughAAGiven
GivenPoint
Point

CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TANGENTS

1. Straight line
2. Normal line.
3. Tangent point ( P ).
4. Radius ( R )
5. A circle in touch
with a line

CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TANGENTS

1. A circle in touch
with another circle
internally.
2. Tangent point ( T ).
3. Another circle
internally.

CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TANGENTS

1. A circle in touch
with another circle
externally.
2. Tangent point ( T ).
3. Another circle
externally.

DETERMINING THE TANGENT POINT

BETWEEN A STRAIGHT LINE AND A CIRCLE

Given a circle in touch

with a straight line.
With the centre at O,
draw two arcs
intersecting the straight
line at A and B.
With centres at A and
B, draw arcs
intersecting at C. Draw
the line OC. T is the
tangent point.

DETERMINING THE TANGENT POINTS

OF TWO STRAIGHT LINES

Given a circle in touch

with two straight lines.
Draw a bisector line
through the circle
centre O.
Draw perpendicular
lines from O to AB and
BC intersecting at T
and U. T and U are the
tangent point.

DETERMINING A TANGENT POINT BETWEEN TWO CIRCLES IN

TOUCH INTERNALLY OR EXTERNALLY

Given two circles.

Given the two circles
are in touch externally.
Draw bisector lines AB
and CD, intersecting at
P.
Repeat above step for
the smaller circle so as
to intersect at Q.
Draw the line PQ. T is
the tangent point.

DETERMINING THE TANGENT POINTS BETWEEN

A CIRCLE AND TWO OTHER CIRCLES
Given a circle with
radius R, a circle with
radius r and a radius x.

With centres at A and

B, draw an arc with the
radius (R + x) and an
arc with the radius (r +
x) intersecting at C.
Draw the lines AC and
BC intersecting at T
and U.
With the centre at C,
draw a circle with the
radius x. T and U are
the tangent points.

DETERMINING TANGENT POINTS BETWEEN A STRAIGHT LINE AND

TWO CIRCLES IN TOUCH EXTERNALLY
Given circles with
radius R and r.

Construct a semicircle
with diameter AB and
centred at A, construct
a circle with radius (R r) so as to intersect at
C.
Extend the line AC to
intersect at T. Draw a
parallel line through B
to intersect at U.
Draw line TU. T and U
are the tangent points.

DETERMINING TANGENT POINTS BETWEEN A LINE AND TWO

CIRCLES IN TOUCH INTERNALLY

Given circles with

radius R and r.
Construct a semicircle
with diameter AB.
Centred at A, construct
a circle with radius (R
+ r) intersecting at C.
Draw a line AC
intersecting at T. Draw
parallel line through B
so as to intersect at U.
Draw line TU. T and U
are the tangent points.

WHEN THE POINT IS ON THE CIRCUMFERENCE

Given a circles and

point T.
Draw line OT. Centred
at T, draw an arc with
radius r intersecting at
P and Q.
r

Draw arcs centred at P

and Q intersecting at
S.
Draw line ST. Line ST
is the tangent.

WHEN THE POINTS IS OUTSIDE OF THE CIRCLE

Given a point P
outside of a circle.
Draw line OP and
bisect it.
Construct a semicircle
to intersect at R. Draw
normal line OR.
Draw line PR. PR is
the tangent line.

CONSTRUCTING A CIRCLE TANGENT

TO A STRAIGHT LINE GIVEN RADIUS OF CIRCLE

Given a line and

radius of a circle R.

Mark the tangent point

T. Centred at T,
construct a
perpendicular line.
Centred at T, draw an
arc with radius R
intersecting at O.
Centred at O, draw a
circle through T.

CONSTRUCTING A CIRCLE IN TANGENT

TO TWO STRAIGHT LINES GIVEN RADIUS OF CIRCLE

Given two lines and

radius R.
Bisect the angle ABC.
Construct a
perpendicular line at A
and construct a parallel
line with distance of
radius R intersecting at
O.
Draw perpendicular
lines OP and OQ and
draw a circle through P
and Q.

CONSTRUCTING A CIRCLE TOUCHING EXTERNALLY WITH

ANOTHER CIRCLE

Given a circle with

radius R, a radius r
and tangent point T.
Draw line PT.
Centred at P, construct
arc (R + r) intersecting
at O.
Centred at O, construct
a circle with radius r
through T.

CONSTRUCTING A CIRCLE TOUCHING INTERNALLY WITH

ANOTHER CIRCLE

Given a circle with

radius R, radius r and
tangent point T.
Draw straight line OT.
Centred at O, draw arc
(R r) intersecting at
Q.
Centred at Q, construct
a circle with radius r
through T.

CONSTRUCTING AN ARC IN TOUCHING INTERNALLY TO TWO

OTHER CIRCLE

Given a circle with

radius R, radius r and
a radius J.
Centred at A, construct
an arc (J r). Centred
at B, construct an arc
(J r) intersecting at P.
Draw straight lines PA
and PB intersecting at
S and T.
Centred at P, construct
an arc or a circle with
radius J intersecting at
S and T.

CONSTRUCTING AN ARC IN TOUCHING EXTERNALLY WITH TWO

OTHER CIRCLES

Given circle with radius

R, radius r and a
radius J.
Centred at A, construct
an arc (R + J). Centred
at B, construct an arc
(r + J) intersecting at P.
Draw lines PA and PB
intersecting at S and T.
Centred at P, construct
an arc or a circle with
radius J through S and
T.

CONSTRUCTING A CIRCLE IN TOUCH WITH ANOTHER CIRCLE

INTERNALLY THROUGH A GIVEN POINT

Given a circle, tangent

point R and point P.
Draw line PR and
bisect it.
Draw straight lines RO
to intersect at S.
Centred at S, construct
an arc through P and
R.

CONSTRUCTING A CIRCLE IN TOUCH TO ANOTHER CIRCLE

THROUGH A GIVEN POINT

Given a circle and

point P.
Draw perpendicular
line PR. Draw line OA
parallel to PR.
Draw line AP
intersecting at K. Draw
line OK intersecting at
S.
Centred at S, construct
an arc through P and
K.