Monostable

Multivibrator

Team members

Sivani Varma

S. Sneha

U. Dhana laxmi

Project Guide
V. Arun
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE

Multivibrator

A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to

implement a variety of sample two-state systems such
as oscillators, timers and flip-flops.

It is characterized by two amplifying devices

(transistors, electron tubes or other devices ) cross
coupled by resistors or capacitors.

The name multivibrator was initially applied to the

free-running oscillator version of the circuit because
its output waveform was rich in harmonics

AIM
This is a touch switch version of a BC547 invertor or
transistor connected as a mono stable multivibrator. The
transistor shall act as an amplifier by which it will be
able to sense slight loads on the plate such as, static
electricity from the human body.

Circuit Diagram

Types of multivibrators
There are three types:

Bistable

Monostable

Astable

Each of the multivibrator has two states.

Stable state:
it is a state in which the device can stay permanently until a proper
external triggering signal is applied, it wont change its state.

Quasi state:
It is the temporary state and the device cannot stay permanently
and after a pre determined time, the device will automatically come
out of quasi stable

A multivibrator has two cross coupled inverters i.e.., the

output of the first stage is coupled to the input of the second
stage and output of second stage is coupled to input of first
stage.
In monostable the one coupling is resistor and the other is

capacitor.

Monostable Multivibrator
In a monostable multivibrator, one of the state is absolutely permanent
i.e, stable and the other one is temporary i.e, quasi-stable.

When an external trigger pulse is applied to the mono-stable at

appropriate point, the mono-stable changes it state from stabe state to
quasi-stable state.

It stays in the quasi-stable state for a predetermined length of certain

interval remains there until another pulse is applied.

Thus a mono stable multivibrator can not generate square wave of its
own like an astable multivibrator.

Only external pulse will cause if to generate the square wave.

In other words, a multi vibrator in which one transistor is always

conducting (i.e. in the ON state) and the other is non conducting (i.e. in the
OFF state) is called mono stable multivibrator. It is also called a single shot
or single swing or a one shot multi vibrator. Other names are delay multivibrator and univibrator.

Collector coupled
monostable multivibrator
Components of circuit:

circuit of a monostable multivibrator using NPN transistor.

two similar transistor Q1and Q2with equal collector loads i.e.

RL1=
RL2the values of -VBBand R3are such as to reverse bias
Q1and keep it at cut off.

The collector supply Vccand R2forward bias Q2and keep it at

saturation.

A trigger pulse is given through C2to obtain the square wave.

Circuit Diagram

Procedure
Initial Conditions:

Let us suppose that in the absense of a trigger pulse and

with S closed, initially the circuit is in its stable state i.e.
Q1is OFF and Q2is ON (at saturation).

When Trigger Pulse is applied:

Let us see as what happens when the trigger is applied .

If positive trigger pulse is off sufficient amplitude, it will override

the reverse bias of the E/B junction of Q1and give it a forward
bias, Hence Q1will start conducting.

As Q1conducts, its collector voltage falls due to voltage drop

across RL1. It means that potential of pointA falls (negative going
signal). This negative going voltage is fed to Q2VIA C1where it
decreases its forward bias.

As collector current of Q2start decreasing, potential of point B

increases (positive going signal) due to lesser drop over R L2.
Soon, Q2comes out of conduction.

The positive going signal at B is fed VIA R1to the base of

Q1where it increases its forward bias further. As Q1conductors
more potential of point A approaches 0V.

This action is cumulative and ends with Q1conducting at

saturation and Q2cut-off.

Return to initial Stable State:

As point A is at almost OV, C2starts to discharge through saturated Q1to

ground.
As C1discharges, the negative potential at the base of Q2is decrease. As
C1discharges further Q2is pulled out of cut-off.

As Q2conducts further, a negative going signal from point B VIA R 1drives

Q1into cut-off. Hence, the circuit reverts to its original state with
Q2conducting at saturation and Q1cut off. It remains in this state till

another trigger pulse comes along when the entire cycle repeats itself.
The width of duration of the pulse obtained at the collector or output of
either transistor (Q1or Q2) of the monostable multivibrator is given by the
expression
T = 0.69 R2C1

Uses of monostable
multivibrator

The falling part of the output pulse from MMV is often

used to trigger another pulse generator circuit thus
producing a pulse delayed by a time T with respect to
the input pulse.

MMV is used for regenerating old and worn out pulses.

Various pulses used in computers and
telecommunication systems become somewhat
distorted during use. An MMV can be used to generate
new, clean and sharp pulses from these distorted and
used ones.

Thankyou!
you!
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