Urban transport

Chapter 4

Image of urban transport

General definitions of urban

area
The office of Population censuses and
Surveys (OPCS)
- An area, urban in character; minimum population
of about 2,000 persons
- The area should extend for 20 hectares or more
- Comprise of permanent structures and the land it
is situated (built up sites)
- Transportation corridors (roads, railways,
canal,)which have built up sites on one or both
sides, or which link up built up sites which are
less than 50meteres apart.

The Concept of Town or City

Built up area with service core
Sufficient number of shops and services (markets,
banks, etc)- recognize urban
Have administrative, commercial, educational,
entertainment and other social and civic functions
Historically well established
Local network of roads and other transport
corridors
Focus for people to get services and employment
from surrounding areas

Introduction
The provision of urban transport
affects and its affected by range of
social, cultural, economic and
political and environmental factors.
Urban centers are important hubs of
economic activity- make biggest
general contribution to the national
economy

 Transportation in urban areas is highly

complex because of the modes involved,
the multitude of origins and destinations,
and the amount and variety of traffic.
cities are also locations of production,
consumption and distribution, activities
linked to movements of freight.
Urban transport systems in many
developing cities face major challenges due to the continuous growth of (urban
population, private vehicle ownership,
congestion, and the absence of public
transport systems)

 When the urban transport system

experiences major difficulties,
consequences are felt by households,
by businesses, and by the urban
community at large.
Therefore, transport may become a
binding constraint on both economic
growth and social development and
inclusion.

Among the most notable

urban transport problems
are:
Traffic congestion and parking difficulties
Longer commuting
Public transport inadequacy
Difficulties for non motorized transport
Loss of public space
Accidents and safety
Environmental impacts and energy
consumption

Challenges facing Urban

Transport

Decentralization
Connectivity
Competition
Financing and fare structure
Fixity

Measures to alleviate urban

transport issues/problems

Public transit
Non motorized transport
Congestion pricing
HOV lanes
Traffic signal syncronization
Car pooling

RURAL TRANSPORT

Transport is a crucial enabler for economic growth, poverty

reduction and attaining the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The World Banks Transport Business Strategy for
2008-2012 stresses the need for transport to be safe, clean,
and affordable. With International Development Association
(IDA) funding, over the last ten years, approximately
260,000 kilometers (km) (150,000 km of rural and 110,000
km of non-rural) roads and 10,700 bridges were
constructed, rehabilitated or maintained, benefiting about
75 million people. This IDA-at-work report presents the upto-date challenges, approach, results achieved, partners
and moving forward strategy in the Transport Sector.

World Bank,2010

Introduction
The rural transport problem refers to difficulties
experienced in providing transport links to rural
communities.
Low rural population density makes viable public
transport difficult, though people in rural areas usually
have a greater need for transport than urban dwellers.
High levels of car ownership can diminish the problem,
but certain rural groups (the young, old or poor) always
require public transport.
Increasing car ownership may put pressure on existing
rural public transport, prompting a diminished service,
which in turn encourages even higher car ownership,
creating a vicious cycle of public transport decline

Major Rural Transport

problems
Low frequency of service
Limited access to activities to economic facilities
(such as work,agriculture) and social facilities
(shopping, clinics,schools..etc)
Insufficient financing from the government
Inadequate basic road, track and path infrastructure
including an absence of bridges or poor road surfaces
Roads and tracks that are substantially hinder or
prevent vehicle movement(either seasonally or
throughout the year) through factors such as deep
rutting, soft soils,slippery surfaces or poor road
surfaces.

continue;

non-profitable routes
high cost of operation
dispersed locations and low volume
poor infrastructure
long winded routes
inability to pay due to poor economic
background
difficulty to relay information due to
poor education background

Measures To Improve Rural

Transport Issues/Problems
To provide mobile facilities or
services
Higher transport density in low- to
medium-income areas.
Improve performance of existing bus
and rail services
Car pooling, minibus and school bus
Interconnected infrastructure

Conclusion
Roles of PT to provide access to
people without cars and to become
alternative to people with car to
travel by public transport in rural
areas to save environment.
Access to job, education,
social activities,
medical facilities etc.