Section 9 Members subjected to

Combined Forces
(Beam-Columns)

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

SECTION 9 MEMBER SUBJECTED TO

COMBINED FORCES
9.1

General

9.2

Combined Shear and Bending

9.3

Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment

9.3.1 Section Strength
9.3.2 Overall Member Strength

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

9.2

Combined Shear and Bending

Elastic Shear stress

Elastic
Bending stress

Plastic range

Secondary effects on beam behaviour

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

9.2

Combined Shear and Bending

Sections subjected to HIGH shear force > 0.6 Vd

a) Plastic or Compact Section

M dv M d M d M fd 1.2 Z e f y m0

2 V / Vd 1

b) Semi-compact Section

M dv Z e f y / m 0
Mfd = plastic design strength of the area of c/s excluding the shear
area and considering partial safety factor
V = factored applied shear force; Vd = design shear strength

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

9.3

Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment

DESIGN OF BEAM COLUMNS

INTRODUCTION
SHORT & LONG BEAM-COLUMNS

Modes of failure

Ultimate strength

BIAXIALLY BENT BEAM-COLUMNS

DESIGN STRENGTH EQUATIONS
Local Section
Flexural Yielding
Overall Member Flexural Buckling

STEPS IN ANALYSING BEAM-COLUMNS

SUMMARY
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

INTRODUCTION

Occurrence of Beam Columns

Eccentric

Compression
Joint Moments in Braced Frames Rigid
Sway Moments in Unbraced Frames
Biaxial Moments in Corner Columns of
Frames

z
x

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

SHORT BEAM-COLUMNS
fy

fy

PM
fy

Py
Axial
compression

Py = Ag*fy

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

fy

fy

fy
MP
Bending
moment

fy

+
fy

fy

Fc
M
Combined
compression and
bending,
P&M

Mp = Zp*fy

SHORT BEAM-COLUMNS
Short column
loading curve

1.0
P/Py

M=Pe
Failure
envelope

P0/Py
Pcl /Py

Mo/Mp

Mmax/Mp

1.0 M/Mp

M / MP 1.0
P / Py + 0.85 M / MP 1.0
P/Py + M/Mp 1.0 (conservative)

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

LONG BEAM COLUMNS

Non Sway Frame

M0

M0

P *

Mmax = Mo + P
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

Linear
Non-Linear
9

LONG BEAM-COLUMNS
Sway Frames

M
M0

M = Mo + P
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

10

LONG BEAM-COLUMNS
M0/MP= 0.0
P/Pcr = 0.0

M0

1.0

0.1

P.
Pcr

0.5

B
0.5
0.8

0.8
1.0

1 P

PE

1 P

PE

M max

Cm accounts for moment gradient effects

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

Cm M0

1 P

PE
11

LONG BEAM-COLUMNS
1.0

Short column
loading curve

Failure Envelope

Fc/Pcs
F0/Pcs

Long columns
loading curve

Fcl /Pcs

Eqn. 3

Mo/Mp

Mmax/Mp

M / MP
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

1.0
12

SLENDER BEAM-COLUMNS
Modified Strength Curves for Linear Analysis
Uniaxial Bending
1.0

After correcting for sway

and bow (P- and P-)

After correcting for sway and

bow (P- and P- )
Short column
failure envelope

Fc/Pcs
Fcl/Pcs

After correction
for (P- ) effect
P*

P*

My/Mpy

1.0

Short column
failure envelope

Fc/Pcs
A

After
correction
for (P-) effect

Fcl/Pcs

1.0

Minor axis bending

Mx/Mpx

1.0

Major axis bending

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

13

BEAM-COLUMNS / BIAXIAL BENDING

Fcl/Pcs
/r = 0
/r increases

My/ Mpy

Mx/Mpx

Fig. 8 beam-columns under Biaxial Bending

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

14

9.3 Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment

9.3.1 Section Strength
My

9.3.1.1 Plastic and Compact Sections

M ndy

My Mz
N

1.0
N d M dy M dz

Mz

M ndz

1.0

N My Mz
fy / m0

1. 0
N d M dy M dz

fx.

9.3.1.3 Semi-compact section

9.3.2 Overall Member Strength

9.3.2.1 Bending and Axial Tension

P K yM y KzM z

1.0 M
d
Pd
M dy
M dz

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

M eff M T Z e c / A

15

9.3.2.2 Bending and Axial Compression

Cmy M y
P
Mz
Ky
K LT
1 .0
Pdy
M dy
M dz
Cmy M y
C M
P
0.6 K y
K z mz z 1.0
Pdz
M dy
M dz

Cmy, Cmz = equivalent uniform moment factor as per table 18

Also CmLT

K y / z 1 ( y / z 0.2)n y / z 1 0.8n y / z
K LT 1

0.1LT n y
(CmLT 0.25)

0.1n y
(CmLT 0.25)

n y / z P / Pdy / z
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

16

STEPS IN BEAM-COLUMN ANALYSIS

Steps in Beam-Column Analysis
Calculate

section properties
Evaluate the type of section
Check using interaction equation for section
Check using interction equation for overall

yielding
buckling

Beam-Column Design
using equivalent axial load

Py ,eq P Cmyu y m y M y Cmz mz M z

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

17

SUMMARY

Short Beam-Columns Fail by Section Plastification

Slender Beam-Columns may Fail By

Section Plstification
Overall Flexural Yielding
Overall Torsional-Flexural Buckling

Intetaction Eqs. Conservatively Consider

P- and P- Effects

Advanced Analysis Methods Account for P- and P-

Effects, directly & more accuraely

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras

18