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Through
Avoidance Immunization
of dietary against an
offender infectious trigger
TRIGR STUDY
• The trial to reduce IDDM in the
genetically at risk is ongoing.
• Its focus is to determine whether delayed
exposure to or avoidance of certain
food proteins will reduce the risk of
developing type 1 DM in infants at
Genetic Risk.
• Type 1a DM is the autoimmune form whose major genetic
risk traits are defined on certain HLA DR/DQ alleles.
• The genes mutation will not be correctable by avoidance of
dietary or infectious agents.
• However, insights gained from these mutations may
facilitate ultimate prevention strategies such as
immunization with specific segments or epitopes of the
insulin molecule to limit autoimmune self aggression.
Minimizes nocturnal
hypos Optimize
FBS
In other words
Criterion 3
T-cell T-cell
Inflammatory APC
cell
(IL1, TNF, NO)
Beta cell
Fas antigens
Cytokines
Cytotoxic
Th1 (IL2, IFN) Beta cell
T-cell
Beta cell
death
B-cell
Type 1
diabetes
Antibodies
(ICA, IAA, IA2, GAD65)
The epitope spreading phenomenon i.e.
expansion of newly recognized antigens
observed in the islet inflammation is due to:
CD40
Essential for normal
CD80
immune response
CD86
• When injected in vivo, these microspheres
attract DC, which phagocytose the
microsphere particles the microsphere
particles are deformulated inside the DC
AS-ODN release block the
expression of the genes to which they are
targeted.
• This proof technique reverse or prevent type
1aDM in mice
• This microsphere delivery system in
which AS-ODN have been
incorporated, is named Baxter
Healthcare's PROMAXX®.
Diabetes Cure