Medical microbiology & Infectious disease

Dr.D.Y.Riyanto,MSc
Dept.Mikrobiologi Klinik
FKUnsri/RSMH
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Learning objectives

To learn about the role of microbe in human life

within its ecosystem.
Infections caused by microbes.
Management of infections.
To control infectious disease in hospital and com
settings.
Take part in the containment of antibiotics resis

Microbiology learns about microbes, organism

which less than 100 um(micrometer) in size.
Microbes can only be seen by:
1.Light microscope
2.Electron microscope (SEM)
3.Dark field microscope
4.Fluoresence microscope

Microscope

Microbes in our ecosystem :

Air,soil,water,plants,body of mammals,etc.

On and in our body microbes colonized as norm

resident flora ,such as :
Skin,mucous membrane,GI tract,Respiratory Tra
& vagina.
Sterile sites of body:
Cardiovascular system,central nervous system
Muscles & bones.
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Kinds of microbes
1.
2.
3.
4.

Bacteria - bacteriology
Fungi - mycology
Virus virology
Parasites parasitology

Virus usually less than 300 nm(nanometer).

Prion also might caused infectious disease altho
not a living things (prion is a kind of protein)
BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy),Kur
Creutzfeld Jacob disease, etc.
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Haeckel classification (1866)

I.Protists (eukaryotes)
a.Algae
b.Protozoa
c.Fungi
d.Slime molds
II.Prokaryotes
a.Bacteria
b.Cyanobacteria
c.Archaebacteria
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Microbiology s field of study

1.Medical and allied health sciences
2.Agriculture horticulture
3.Animal science
4.Pharmacy
5.Industry
6.Forestry
7.Ecology
8.Others

History of infectious diseases

Mummy : spines affected by tuberculosis

(from ancient Egypt pyramides)
Hippocrates: intrinsic & extrinsic factors
Generatio spontannea theory
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek: simple microscope
Louis Pasteur
Lister
Robert Koch : Bacillus anthracis & M.tuberculos
Jenner
Sammelweiss
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Koch postulates

1.Microbe is found in the body of sick animal.

2.This microbe can be isolated on artificial med
pure culture.
3.The isolated microbe caused exactly same illn
4.The same microbe can be isolated again in
pure culture.
Is there any exception as far as you learned?
(application of DNA probe & PCR nowadays)
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Staining methods
1.Simple staining ,only one kind of dyes :
Methylene blue or Fuchsin.
2.Differential stainings : using 2 kinds of dyes
Gram, Ziehl Neelsen, Neisser,etc
3.Special staining:
Gray flagel
Gins Burri capsul
Klein spores
Feulgen nucleus
Neisser granules (Babes Ernst in C.diphther
Fontana Tribondeau spirochaetts
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Bacterial morphology
1.Coccus (cocci) round in shape,
Staphylococcus,streptococcus,neisseria,etc

2.Bacillus (bacilli) bar shaped

Mycobacterium, escherichia,klebsiella,salmone
3.Spirillum spiral in shape
Treponema, borrelia, leptospira, etc

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13

gambar

spirochaetta

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Diploccocus Gram negative

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Yeast in tissue

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Candida albicans

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Histoplasma capsulatum

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Substance for Bacterial growth

1.Water
2.Protein
3.Carbohydrate
4.Vitamines
5.Minerals
6.Others (O2 or anaerobic)

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Oxygen and No-oxygen condition

1.Obligate aerobic Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2.Facultative anaerobic Escherichia coli
3.Aerotolerant Clostridum histolyticum
4.Microaerophilic Campylobacter jejuni
5.Obligate anaerobic Bactroides fragilis

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Route of infection ( Port dEntre )

1.Eye
2.Nose ,sinus,nasopharynx,larynx,trachea,bronc
bronchioli & alveoli
3.Ear : otitis externa,otitis media, brain infectio
4.Mouth GI tract
5.Vagina , urethra (sexually transmited diseases
6.Skin : abscess,cellulitis, bacteriemia,etc
7.Vectors : mosquito,flies,bugs,etc

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Temperature and bacterial growth

Category
1.Psychrophilic
2.Mesophylic
3.Thermophylic
4.Extremophylic

temperature ( C )
-5 to 30
10 to 45
25 to 80
volcanoes,deep sea

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Multiplication & phase of growth

Each spesies multiply in a certain time,
E.coli divide in 20 minutes,
M.tuberculosis in 20-24 hours
M. leprae in 20-30 days
Phases of growth
1.Lag phase
2.Log phase /exponential phase
3.Stationary phase
4.Declines
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Taxonomy of bacteria
Disusun berdasarkan kesamaan sifat genetics
Staphylococcus aureus (nama species)
Selalu ditulis dengan italics
Terdiri dari nama
Genus Staphylococcus
Species aureus
Genus : huruf besar
Species : huruf kecil
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Bacteria variabilities
1.Mutation :genetic changes
2.fluctuation:temporary change
(fe pigment production)
3.involution:characteristic degradation after
a prolong cultivation in artificial medium.
4.adaptation:lost of pathogenicity due to
environmental change (balance)

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