Measurements of the Prompt and Delayed Radiation from Fission Fragments:

Deformation Properties of
Neutron Rich Nuclei
N. T. Brewer

Normal and Exotic Nuclear Deformation

The Nuclear Jahn Teller Effect

[Senn, P. J. Chem. Ed. 1992]

V=0
a

Area A=a*b

Relevant
Nuclear Decay Processes
Fission
Gamma Decay
Beta Decay

Gamma Decay

Gamma Decay

Gamma Decay
Parity Change

Angular Momentum
Change

|Ii - If |<= L <= Ii+

Beta Decay

Beta Decay

Le Pandemonium- John Martin

Pandemonium

Viewpoint: Conquering nuclear

pandemonium
Krzysztof P. Rykaczewski
Physics3,94(2010)

C. Hardyet al.,Phys. Lett.71B, 307 (1977).

Nuclear Theory and Models

Shell Model
Collective Model
Deformed Shell Model
Interacting Boson Model
(IBM)
Geometric Model for
Octupole Deformation

Harmonic Oscillator
Shells
Spin Orbit Coupling

Nillson
Deformed Shell
model
Asymptotic
q.ns

Collective Model

Interacting Boson Model

For a reflection asymmetric quantum system, a

good quantum number is the simplex quantum
number, namely s. This is the eigenvalue of an
operator formed from the combination of Rotation
(by ) and Parity operators as S1=P R1-1 Where 1
indicates the axis perpendicular to the symmetry
For a rotational band, parity alternates
axis.

with spin (I ) for simplex characterized

states as

p = s e-i I

ow can we display Static

ctupole Deformation in a nucleus?
Energy Displacement
therefore E(I) -> 0
is an indication of deformation

1 is the limit of
static deformation.
The ratio going to (2I-5)/(2I+1)
indicates a coupling to a I=3
phonon in the limit of aligned vibration.

Modern Theory using Hartree-Fock and its extensions

Is equivalent to

The Hartree-Fock Approximate Many-Body Wave function

is a single Slater determinant

dern Theory using Hartree-Fock and its extensions

e Reflection Asymmetric Relativistic Mean Field Theory (RAS-

Experimental Techniques
Low Energy Radioactive Ion
Beam Spectroscopy Staion
(LeRIBSS)
SF of 252Cf at
GAMMASPHERE

Spontaneous Fission in
Gammasphere

Spontaneous Fission in
Gammasphere

Internal Conversion Coefficients

High fold coincidence

3d cube has 5.7 * 1011 events
4d hyper cube has ~3x fewer total
events

Angular Correlation

Time gated cube

Level lifetimes measured down to
~10ns.

Near Spherical Cadmium

122Cd Measured at LeRIBSS
Systematics of vibrational
nuclei and alternative
explanations

Zamfir et. al. PRC 51 1995

Well Quadrupole
Deformed Gadolinium
162Gd Measured
Gammasphere
164Gd Measured
Gammasphere
163Gd Measured
165Gd Measured

at LeRIBSS and
at LeRIBSS and
at LeRIBSS
at LeRIBSS

Eu

162

(5-) ~5
ions/sec

T1/2 = 10.7(7)
s

(5-)

Beta feeding intensities and the question of an Isomer in

Eu

162

Known 2+ states

Known 3+ state

(4+)

(5-)

Troubled Data

Troubled Data

Octupole Deformation
and Ba and Ce Nuclei
143-146Ba and 148Ce measured at
Gamma Sphere
Analysis of a geometrical model
and Possible alternatives

ow can we display Static

ctupole Deformation in a nucleus?
Energy Displacement
therefore E(I) -> 0
is an indication of deformation

1 is the limit of
static deformation.
The ratio going to (2I-5)/(2I+1)
indicates a coupling to a I=3
phonon in the limit of aligned vibration.

2) Rotation induced condensation of octupole phonons

Reflection asymmetric
Shape with two
mirror planes and
angular momentum
perpendicular to one

S. Frauendorf
Phys. Rev. C 77, 021304 (0

two foldS2 S
S P
spaceinversionbroken
S R z ( ) rotationaboutz axisbyanglebroken
S P R z ( )conserved
S | ei | simplex

parity () I

Static octupole deformation

crossover
0 ph.

1 ph.

Octupole vibration

96+

7-

4+

53-

2+
0+

84<N<94 region
All N=84, 88, 90 isotones with Z= 56, 58, 60
show the signature of aligned octupole phonon condensation.
The octupole phonons become less collective and less aligned
for N>90, Z>66. Condensation disappears.
The strong admixture of the two-phonon octuople state into
positive parity yrast states inhibits the neutron i 13/2 alignment for
Z<68. (Analogous to 240Pu ). Backbend observed for Z>66.

What about Z=54, 56, N>88 ?

Conclusion
1.The study of Cd Isotopes has
given experimental itself to a
reinterpretation of Cadmium
nuclei.
2. The study of Gd isotopes has added to the systematics of
quadrupole deformation. And reports new half lives, first time level
schemes and first observations of gamma rays.
3. The study of Ba and Ce has revealed firm measurements of parity
doublets in even-even nuclei through the use of angular
correlation. Analyses has given new interpretations for these
nuclei important data for being decisive between these theories.
The point of this work was to participate in the leading edge of
research into neutron rich nuclei. To realize that new techniques,
new measurements have led to new discoveries. And nuclear
physics of deformation is seen to be a highly mixed picture with a
need for cooperation between modern theoretical approaches and

Conclusions
1. The study of Cd Isotopes has opened itself to a reinterpretation of
Cadmium nuclei

2.The study of Gd isotopes has added

to the systematics of quadrupole
deformation. And reports new half
lives, first time level schemes and
first observations of gamma rays.
3. The study of Ba and Ce has revealed firm measurements of parity
doublets in even-even nuclei through the use of angular
correlation. Analyses has given new interpretations for these
nuclei important data for being decisive between these theories.
The point of this work was to participate in the leading edge of
research into neutron rich nuclei. To realize that new techniques,
new measurements have led to new discoveries. And nuclear
physics of deformation is seen to be a highly mixed picture with a

Conclusions
1. The study of Cd Isotopes has opened itself to a reinterpretation of
Cadmium nuclei
2. The study of Gd isotopes has added to the systematics of
quadrupole deformation. And reports new half lives, first time level
schemes and first observations of gamma rays.

3.The study of Ba and Ce has revealed firm

measurements of parity doublets in eveneven nuclei through the use of angular
correlation. Analyses has given new
interpretations for these nuclei important
data for being decisive between these
theories.
The point of this work was to participate in the leading edge of
research into neutron rich nuclei. To realize that new techniques,
new measurements have led to new discoveries. And nuclear

Conclusions
1. The study of Cd Isotopes has opened itself to a reinterpretation of
Cadmium nuclei
2. The study of Gd isotopes has added to the systematics of
quadrupole deformation. And reports new half lives, first time level
schemes and first observations of gamma rays.
3. The study of Ba and Ce has revealed firm measurements of parity
doublets in even-even nuclei through the use of angular
correlation. Analyses has given new interpretations for these
nuclei important data for being decisive between these theories.

The point of this work was to participate in the

leading edge of research into neutron rich nuclei.
To realize that new techniques, new
measurements have led to new discoveries.
Nuclear physics of deformation is seen to be a highly
mixed picture with a need for cooperation
between modern theoretical approaches and new
experimental data for correct interpretation.

Thank You