Martin

Luther
-
Germany
 About Indulgences,
Johann Tetzel‟s Slogan:

“As soon as the coin in

the coffer rings, the soul
from purgatory
springs!”
95 Critiques:
Posted them to
the door
Reform topics
for debate
 Martin Luther
• Martin Luther was a monk and
professor at the University of
Wittenberg, where he lectured on the
Bible. 
• Through his study of the Bible, Luther
came to reject the Catholic teaching that
both faith and good works were
necessary for salvation. 
• He believed human deeds were
powerless to affect God and that
salvation was through faith alone. 
 Martin Luther (cont.)
• The idea of justification (being
made right before God) by faith
alone is the Protestant
Reformation’s chief teaching. 
• For all Protestants, the Bible,
not the Church, became the
only source of religious truth.
(pages 391–393)
Show Luther Movie Trailer
 Martin Luther (cont.)
• The Edict of Worms made
Luther an outlaw in the empire. 
• His books were to be burned and
Luther delivered to the emperor. 
• Luther’s local ruler, however,
protected him.

(pages 391–393)
Diet of Worms! Show clip from
Luther
Video: The Diet of Worms
 Martin Luther (cont.)
• Luther’s religious movement soon
became a revolution. 
• Luther set up new services to
replace the Mass, featuring Bible
readings, preaching the word of
God, and song. 
• His doctrine became known as
Lutheranism, the first
Protestant faith. (pages 391–393)
Video: The Protestant Reformation in England
 The Reformation in England
• Not religion but politics brought about the
English Reformation. 
• King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first
wife, Catherine of Aragon, whom he thought
could not give him a male heir. 
• The pope was unwilling to annul (declare
invalid) his marriage, however, and Henry
turned to England’s church courts. 
• The archbishop of Canterbury ruled that
Henry’s marriage to Catherine was null and
void.
(pages 397–398)
“I need a
divorce!”

Henry VIII
-
King of
England
Catherine of
Aragon

1st queen of King

Henry VIII
Could not bear a
male heir to the
throne
All Children died
at childbirth
except for Mary
 Anne
Boleyn
• In Catherine of
Aragon‟s court
• Caught the „eye‟ of
Henry VIII
• Bore the daughter
Elizabeth
• Could not produce
male heir - Anne
Executed
 The Reformation in England (cont.)
• Henry then married Anne Boleyn,
who was crowned queen and
who gave birth
to a girl. 
• The child later would
become Queen Elizabeth
I. (pages 397–398)
The Invisible Princess: Elizabeth‟s Diary
The Wives of Henry VIII
Henry VIII - Marriage Lengths

The Wives of
Henry VIII
 The Anabaptists and
Effects on the Role of Women
• The radical Anabaptists rejected the
involvement of the state in church
affairs. 
• To them the true Christian church was a
voluntary community of adult believers who
had undergone spiritual rebirth and had
then been baptized. 
• This belief in adult baptism separated the
Anabaptists from both Catholics and
Protestants, who baptized infants.
(pages 398–400)
 The Result of the Protestant
Reformation

• Find your religion on

the following slides.

(do not need to copy)

 Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox

Protestant Russian Greek Others