Chapter 1

Nursing Today

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Historical Perspective Highlights

Nurses:

Respond to needs of clients

Actively participate in policy
Respond and adapt to challenges

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Florence Nightingale

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Civil War to the Beginning

of the Twentieth Century

The growth of nursing in the US

Clara Barton, Dorothea Lynde Dix, Mother

Bickerdyke, Harriet Tubman
Mary Mahoney
Isabel Hampton Robb

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The Twentieth Century

Movement toward scientific, researchbased practice and defined body of

knowledge
1901, 1906, 1908
1940s
1950s
1990s

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The 21st Century

Nursing Code of Ethics

Changes in curriculum
Nursing in multiple care settings

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Societal Influences on Nursing

Demographic changes
Womans health care issues
Human rights
Medically underserved
Threat of bioterrorism

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Needs of the Consumer

Cultural diversity
Safety
Health promotion and wellness

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Influence of Todays Health Care

Delivery System

Rising health care costs

Evidence-based practice
Nursing and biomedical research
Nursing shortage

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Nursing as a Profession

A profession has characteristics:

Requires an extended education

Requires a body of knowledge
Provides a specific service
Has autonomy
Incorporates a code of ethics

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Scope and Standards of Practice

Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice

1960
2004

Goal

To improve the health and well-being of all

individuals, communities, and populations
through the significant and visible contributions
of registered nursing using standards-based
practice (ANA, 2004)

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Standards of Practice

Six standards of practice

Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcomes identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

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Standards of Professional
Performance
Quality of
practice

Collegiality

Research

Education

Collaboration

Resource
utilization

Professional
practice
evaluation

Ethics

Leadership

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Code of Ethics

Philosophical ideals of right and wrong that

define principles

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Nursing Education

Professional registered nurse education

Graduate education
Doctoral preparation
Continuing and in-service education

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Nursing Practice

Nurses practice in a variety of settings.

Nursing protects, promotes, and optimizes
our clients health, prevents illness and
injury, alleviates suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human
responses, and advocates for the care of
our clients (ANA, 2003).

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Nursing Practice

Nurse practice acts

Licensure and certification
Science and art of nursing practice

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Professional Responsibilities

Nurses are responsible for obtaining and

maintaining specific knowledge and skills.
In the past:

To provide care and comfort

Now:

To provide care and comfort and to emphasize

health promotion and illness prevention

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Professional Roles

Caregiver

Advocate

Educator

Communicator

Manager

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Career Development

Nursing provides an opportunity for you to

commit to lifelong learning and career
development.

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Professional Nursing
Organizations

National League for Nursing

American Nurses Association
International Council of Nursing
National Student Nurses Association

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Future Trends in Nursing

Nursing is ever changing.

Nursing will continue to grow.
Nursing will continue to evolve.

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