ENERGY

BALANCE
NURUS SAADAH BINTI
MOHD FADZIL
860125025640

Mr A, with BMI 28 has struggled to loose weight. He

has no other medical illness despite being
overweight. He tried to loose weight by reducing
his intake of 500 kcal from the current intake. He
managed to loose weight successfully. He
happily continued with the diet regime. However,
after a few month, when he stepped on the
weighing scale, the scale didnt show any weight
reduction. He has checked that nothing was wrong
with the scale, only that his weight was showing
the same weight as the previous month. And
this continue till now. He become frustrated and
need advice.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
How energy balance affect weight
changes
Positive & negative energy balance
Component of energy intake &
energy expenditure
Is it effective to just restrict energy
intake alone?

ENERGY
Calorie-energy required to increase
the temperature of 1gram of water 1
degree Celsius
Dietary Calorie= 1kilocalorie

ENERGY BALANCE

Body weight changes depends on the

relationship between calorie intake & total
energy expenditure
The different of Ei and Eo= net energy balance

Calorie consumed= calorie

expended
- Energy balance occur (weight
maintenance)

Calorie consumed > calorie

expended
-Net positive energy balance
(weight gain)

Calorie consumed< calorie

expended
-Net negative energy balance
(weight loss)

Net energy balance= Ei-Eo

= 1800 kcal- 2300 kcal
= -500 (negative energy balance)

ENERGY IN
Fat = 9 Kcal per gram
Alcohol = 7 Kcal per gram
Carbohydrate = 4 Kcal per
gram
Protein = 4 Kcal per gram

BOMB CALORIMETER
2 chambers
The inner chamber
where food is burned
has oxygen
The outer chamber is
filled with water
Inner chamber is ignited
with an electric spark.
When the food burns, an
observer records the rise
in the temperature of
the water in the outer
chamber.
If the temperature of the
water goes up 1 degree
per kilogram, the food
has 1 calorie; 2 degrees,
2 calories; and 235
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter48/bomb_calorimet
degrees, 235 calories
er.html

BOMB CALORIMETER &

PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUE OF FOOD
Bomb Coefficient of Digestibility %
Physiological value
calorime
ter
Fat

9.45

92

Alcohol

7.00

100

CHO

4.10

92

Protein

5.65

97 (-1.3 kcal/g
4
adjustment)
1. Our body doesnt completely absorb the nutrient slight LOSS OF ENERGY
2. Cannot use Nitrogen as source of energy adjustment for Nitrogen

ENERGY OUT
Caloric expenditure
1. Basal Metabolic Rate = 60-65%
2. Thermic effect of food = 5-10%
3. Physical activity = 25-35%

BMR affected by:

Age young vs old

Gender man vs woman
Physiological state- illness
Body size surface area
24 surface
exposed

Lower BMR

34 surface
exposed

Higher BMR

Body weight

month

Mr A, BMI 28, in his

sedentary lifestyle has
struggled to loose weight.
He has no other medical
illness despite being
overweight. He tried to
loose weight by reducing
his intake of 500 kcal from
the current intake. He
No managed
exercise, no
restriction
todiet
loose
weight successfully. He
happily continued with the
diet regime. However, after
a few month, when he
stepped on the weighing
EXERCIS
scale,
the scale didnt show
any E
weight reduction. He
has checked that nothing
was wrong with the scale,
only that his weight was
showing the same
weight as the previous
month. And this continue
till now. He become

 Energy intake and energy

expenditure make up the energy
balance
In order to loose weight we need to
create negative energy balance
Positive energy balance will result in
weight gain
A key concept is thatenergy
balanceis a long-term, rather than a
short-term, goal.