PERSPECTIVE

MANAGEMENT
Swapna Vidyadhar

MANAGEMENT

If you want to travel from your home to

college, then how will you proceed?

The word manage comes from the Italian

maneggiare (to handle, especially tools), which
derives from the Latin word manus (hand).
The French word mesnagement influenced the
development in meaning of the English word
management in the 17th and 18th centuries

DEFINITION:- MANAGEMENT
The process
Designing and maintaining
Individuals, groups
Aims

IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT IN
AN ORGANIZATION
Planning, organizing, staffing, leading and
controlling
Any kind of organization
All organizational levels
Create Surplus
Productivity

Levels of Management

Top Mgmt

Middle
Mgmt

Supervisor

Supervisor

Middle
Mgmt

Supervisor

Supervisor

Middle
Mgmt

Supervisor

Supervisor

FUNCTIONS OF TOP LEVEL

MANAGEMENT

Objectives of the enterprise

Strategic plans and policies
Co-ordination
Networking

FUNCTIONS OF MIDDLE LEVEL

MANAGEMENT:

Top level managements plan into practice

Co-ordination
Analyzing
Reporting

FUNCTIONS OF LOWER LEVEL

MANAGEMENT:

Smooth functioning of an organization.

Co-ordination with worker
Problem solving
Communication

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

Technical:- working with tools and specific

technique

Human:- ability to work with people

Conceptual:- Ability to solve problem

SKILL TYPE NEEDED BY

MANAGER
Top
Managers
Middle
Managers
Line
Managers
Conceptual

Human

Technical

GOALS OF MANGERS
To Make Profit
Mangers must establish an environment in which
people can accomplish group goals
With least amount of time, money, materials and
personal dissatisfaction
Achieve as much as possible of desired goal

PRODUCTIVITY

Productivity is the output-input ratio within a

time period with due consideration for quality
Productivity = Outputs
Inputs

(time, quality)

Productivity = Effectiveness + Efficiency

MANAGING : SCIENCE
OR ART?

Total quality Management:- (Art or Science)

Mentoring:- (Art or Science)
Benchmarking:- (Art or Science)
Assembly Line:- (Art or Science)

FEATURES OF SCIENCE:
Science is a systematic approach.
Science has got universally accepted principles
It establishes a relationship between cause and
their effects.
It is based on well defined proven experiments

MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE:
Management cant be referred as exact science.
It is a behavioral science.
Management deals with human beings whose
behavior cant be predicted with surety.

FEATURES OF ART

Art is practical knowledge.

Art is a specialized personal skill.
It is based on experience ,attitude and interest.
Art can be improved through practice.
Art creates pleasant atmosphere and develop
further interest.

MANAGEMENT AS AN ART
Art is concerned with application of knowledge
and skills.
Likewise in management manager uses his skill,
ability and knowledge in solving problems of
the enterprise.

MANAGEMENT IS BOTH A
SCIENCE AND AN ART:
Studying

Science

Management is

Performing

is an Art

Management

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO

OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT
Reenergizing the
system

Inputs

Transformation
Process

External
environment

Outputs

INPUTS

The Inputs from the external environment may

include:
People
Capital
Managerial skills

TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
It

is task of mangers to transform

the inputs, in an effective and
efficient manner, into outputs

One

can focus on diverse enterprise

functions such as Finance,
production, personnel and marketing

OUTPUTS
It the task of the manager to secure and utilize
inputs to the enterprise
Although the outputs vary with each enterprise,
they usually include many of the following: products,
services,
profits,
satisfaction and
integration

REENERGIZING THE SYSTEM

It is important to notice that in the systems
model of operational management,
Some of the outputs become inputs again.
Eg:
Employee satisfaction becomes an important
human input
Profits, the surplus of income over costs are
reinvested in cash and capital goods

Mr. Naval an Management Graduate from IIM

Bangalore joins his fathers business. Within the
first week itself he observes that Mr. Rajesh
Thakur (Head Marketing) is getting salary which is
just Rs.10,000 less than the Vice-President of the
organization.
Mr. Vikas Parmar (Vice-President) has shown his
displeasure about the salary format. Though he
never openly mentioned about his displeasure on
salary differentiation of Mr. Rajesh as compared to
his. But Mr. Naval had strong feeling about the rift
between this 2 employees.
Just analysis the case.

FIVE FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS

Planning
Choose Goals

Controling

Organizing

Monitor

Working Together

Leading
Coordinate

Staffing
Filling

PLANNING

Selecting missions and objectives

and actions

There are various types of plans

Helps in taking decisions

ORGANIZING
Organizing,

is a part of managing
that involves
an intentional structure
roles for people to fill in an
organization
help in creating an environment for
human performance

STAFFING
Staffing involves filling, and keeping filled, the
positions in the organization
Identifying: Workforce
People available
Recruiting
Promoting
Career planning

LEADING

Leading

is the influencing of people

so that they will contribute to
organization and group goals

Leadership

implies followership and

people tend to follow

CONTROLLING

Measuring

and correcting of
activities of subordinates to ensure
that events conform to plans.

Control

activities generally relate to

the controlling like budget expense

CASE STUDY
Mr. Burr, founder and chairperson of People Express.
He always believed in more people organization.
Employees of People Express had to work under strict
rules and regulation but yet they had freedom to take
the decisions for organizational benefit.
In late 80s People Express merged with Frontier
Airlines. Frontier had more of traditional style of
working. Due to change in management style People
Express employees were not able to perform and start
quitting the job. One of original managing directors
(People Express), Lori complain about employees
quitting job because management style, she was fired.
Analysis the Case