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VIRTUE ETHICS
Virtue
Virtue
A state of character
Concerned with choice,
This being determined by rational (logical) principles,
and by that principle by which the man of practical
wisdom would determine it
Considerations
The
The
The
The
The
The
Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Right
Person
Object
Amount
Time
End
Way
The Virtues
Intellectual Virtues
Moral Virtues
VIRTUE ETHICS
From Aristotle to the 21st century
Virtue ethics
Utilitarian and Kantian ethics both address the following
question
What actions are right?
Virtue ethics asks
What kind of person should I be?
Moral character rather than right action is fundamental in this
ethical tradition which originated with the ancient Greeks and
received fullest expression in Aristotles Nicomachean ethics.
Virtue ethics
Aristotle not only made the case for the necessity of virtue for
good living but also described particular virtues in
illuminating detail.
Aristotle defines virtue as a character trait (characteristics)
that manifests itself in habitual action.
Honesty for example cannot consist in telling the truth once.
It is the trait of a person who tells the truth as a general
practice.
Virtue ethics
For the Greeks, virtue means excellence and ethics was
concerned with excellences of human character.
Virtue Ethics = Excellences of human character
A person possessing such qualities exhibited the excellences
of human character. The qualities are to function well as a
human being.
Virtue ethics
Virtue Ethics theory does three things:
It defines the concept of a virtue.
It must offer some list of the virtues.
It offers some justification of that list and explains how we
define what are virtues and vices.
E.g. Honesty is in the list of the virtues.
Virtue ethics
The list of possible virtues is long. There is no general
agreement on which is most important. The possibilities
include:
Courage
Honesty
Benevolence (kindness or kind hearted)
Tolerance
Generosity
Self-control etc.
Virtue ethics
Virtues are acquired traits. Mere feelings like anger are not
virtues according to Aristotle. Honesty on the other hand
cannot consist in telling the truth once. It is the trait of a
person who tells the truth as a general practice. A virtue is
also something we actually practice. Honesty involves
habitually telling the truth.
Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical Dilemma
Most ethical dilemmas involve
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Ethical Dilemma
Consequences.
Ethical Dilemma
What is an ethical dilemma?
Ethical Dilemma
What is an ethical dilemma?
Ethical Dilemma
Characteristics and features of ethical dilemma
If one analyses the causes of ethical
dilemma, it becomes clear that in the case of
dilemmas:
Social cost and private gains are different
No linkages is established between the two
alternative courses of actions or choices
Competitive behaviour gains predominance in
many cases.
There may be an inconsistency between
goals
Cross cultural value differential do exist
There are some pressures from somewhere
Ethical Dilemma
Characteristics and features of ethical dilemma
If one analyses the causes of ethical
dilemma, it becomes clear that in the case of
dilemmas:
Social cost and private gains are different
No linkages is established between the two
alternative courses of actions or choices
Competitive behaviour gains predominance in
many cases.
There may be an inconsistency between
goals
Cross cultural value differential do exist
There are some pressures from somewhere