ABOUT MEMORY

The average man does not use above ten

percent of his actual inherited capacity for
memory. He wastes the ninety percent by
violating
the
Natural
Laws
of
Remembering.
-Carl Seashore

REMEMBER!
There are no good or bad memories
rather there are trained or untrained
memories
Memory is like a mental muscle. Use
it or Lose it
The more you exercise it, the stronger
it becomes

MEMORY

Memory is a process by which our

mind receives & stores information

for future use and recalls it when
desired.

PROCESS OF MEMORY

WHY DO WE FORGET?
Forgetting Theories
Encoding failure
Retrieval failure
Role of time
Interference theories

FORGETTING AS ENCODING FAILURE

Information never encoded into LTM

CAUSES OF ENCODING FAILURE

Lack of interest
Poor listener
Lack of attention
Too painful or
embarrassing

Unprepared
Tiredness
Fear
Lack of understanding
Distraction

FORGETTING AS RETRIEVAL FAILURE

Not all forgetting is due to encoding failures
Sometimes information is encoded into LTM,
but we cant retrieve it

CAUSES OF RETRIEVAL FAILURE

Physical stress
Distraction
Boredom
Lack of sleep
Mental stress or strain
Faulty recall system

ROLE OF TIME : DECAY THEORY

Memories fade away or
decay gradually if
unused. Time plays
critical role.
Ability to retrieve info
declines with time after
original encoding.

Percent
Remembered

FORGETTING
CURVE

100
%
75%

50%

25%

Time
30
Min

1
Hou

12
Hours

1
Day

10
Day

1
Month

INTERFERENCE THEORIES
Memories interfering with memories
Forgetting caused by one memory
competing with or replacing another
memory
Two types of interference
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference

NATURAL LAWS OF REMEMBERING

Impression
Association
Repetition

IMPRESSION
Get a deep, vivid impression of the thing
you wish to remember.
Concentrate
Observe
Deep Observe

Look

Observe

Deep Observe

QUOTE BY EDISON

"The average person's brain does not

observe more than a thousandth part
of what his eyes observe."
--Edison

WHAT HELPS YOU TO

NOTICE THINGS ?
74%

SIGHT

14%

HEARING

6%

TOUCH

3%

SMELL

3%

TASTE

You remember!

20%
of
what
You
READ

30%
Of
what
you
hear

40%
of
what
you
see

50%
Of
What
you
say

60%
OF
WHAT
YOU
DO

90% of
what you
learn
with
many
learning
sensory
Activities
i. e.
Read
Hear
See
Say
Do

ASSOCIATION
Link System
Peg System

THE LINK SYSTEM

Associate or Link the first item to the
second item; then second item to the
third item and so on.
See the associations as pictures in your
mind.
Illogical
association must be..
Ridiculous
Out of Proportion

E.g.. Rat,Cheese,Trap

E.g.. Bicycle , Chain

SIMPLE LINK SYSTEM TEST

Refrigerator
Chair
Table
Microwave oven
Television

Cup and Saucer

Window
Flower
Police
Monkey

THE PEG SYSTEM

The PEG system is
used to count with
objects, instead of
numbers.

MNEMONICS
1.------ T, D

6 --------J, sh,G

2------- N

7 --------K, c

3 -------M

8 --------F,v

4 -------R

9 --------P,b

5 -------L

0 --------Z ,s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
TeN MoRe LoGiK FiB Z

PEG WORDS
1-9-----TuB
7-1-----CoT
2-7-----NeCK
and so on
How to memorize this number?

672642

Mapping Numbers Using Peg

System
Given number - 672642

672642-

G
K
N
G
R
N

Remembering Big Numbers

ChiCKeN Shoe-RuN
6
7 2 6
4 2 --- 672642

CHUNKING
Chunking is the technique of breaking
down a large number into smaller groups.
For example, the number
5435568407342279
can be written as
5435 5684 0734 2279

MNEMONICS
Mnemonics are words, sentences or
rhymes that help you remember
something. Create a mnemonic to help
you remember a concept with multiple
parts.
Ex : My very educated mother just showed
us nine planets.
Some people have, curly brown hair turned
permanently black.

USE ACRONYMS
An acronym is a word formed by the first
letter of other words. Choose a key word
that will help you remember each step.
Then, using the letter of each key word,
create your acronym.
Ex : VIBGYOR, LASER, AIDS

REPETITION
Repeating at intervals,will enable you to
memorize anything you want.

Repeating at intervals,will enable you to

memorize anything you want.

Repetition

FREQUENCY OF REVISION
REVISION

INTERVAL

After 10 min

II

After 24 hrs

III

After one week

IV

After one month

After 06 months

USE AN ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNIQUE

Organize information in a meaningful pattern

that shows how each item relates to the other.

TRY TO REMEMBER
ROSE, CAR , CHALK, CHAIR,
AIRPLANE, PEN, IRIS, TABLE, TULIP,
TRAIN, PENCIL, BED, TRUCK,
DESK, DAFFODIL, CRAYON

NOW ORGANIZE!
FLOWERS
ROSE

VEHICLES
CAR

FURNITURE
DESK

WRITE
PEN

IRIS

TRUCK

CHAIR

PENCIL

TULIP

TRAIN

TABLE

CHALK

DAFFODIL

AIRPLANE

BED

CRAYON

USE AN ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNIQUE

A Mind-Mapping system is an excellent technique

for organizing information and using visual pictures.

SPACED LEARNING
Distributed practice refers
to spacing learning
periods in contrast to
massed practice in which
learning is crammed
into a single session
Distributed practice leads
to better retention

Concentration

LEARNING CURVE

Plateau
Effective learning
(30 minutes)

Time

Memory Tips
Colors, shapes,
placement and pictures
are important to your
memory.
Get past short-term
memory and learn for
long term memory

BE SMART...
Make your memorizing
methods organized.
Make remembering a
habit.
Break up material in
small units and review
daily.

Memory Techniques

There are many memory techniques.

The technique you choose to use
should be a reflection of your
learning style and the type of
material you need to remember.

VISUAL LEARNERS
Learn better by
pictures,
charts, maps,
diagrams,
models etc

VISUALIZE
Form clear picture in
your mind
The mind remembers
pictures more easily
and for longer
periods than words

AUDITORY LEARNERS
Learn better
by reciting
the
information
aloud and by
listening

Auditory Learners
Try studying with somebody so you can
talk and hear the information
Recite out loud what you want to
remember
Write vocabulary words on index cards
and review them frequently by reading
them aloud

KINESTHETIC LEARNERS

Learn better
by writing the
information

GET MOVING...
Orally recite whenever
possible
Write the information
several times
Walk/pace if you need to
while reciting, reading,
etc.
Use gestures if it helps

REWARD YOURSELF

!!!

Compliment yourself on a job well done.

Learn to trust your memory---it is your best
resource.

ANATOMY OF MEMORY
Amygdala: Emotional memory and memory consolidation
Basal ganglia & cerebellum: Memory for skills, habits and CC
responses
Hippocampus: memory recognition, spatial, laying down new
declarative long-term memories
Thalamus: formation of new memories and working memories
Cortical Areas: encoding of factual memories, storage of
episodic and semantic memories and skill learning.

LEFT & RIGHT HEMISPHERES

OF BRAIN

LEFT Vs. RIGHT BRAIN

LEFT

RIGHT

LINEAR

FREE FORM

LOGICAL

CREATIVE

DETAILS

BIG PICTURE

WORDS

COLOURS

LANGUAGE

ESSENCE

LEFT Vs. RIGHT BRAIN

LEFT

RIGHT

SPECIFICS

GENERALITIES

CLOSED

OPEN

REPETITIOUS

NEW WAYS

CAUTIOUS

ADVENTURESOME

The faculties of left & the right brains

work together to make a Genius of a
man!
The problem is only
when
There is nothing left
in the left brain
and
nothing is right in the
right!

 Use both the

parts of your
brain for better
learning
experiences!

BRAIN WAVES
BETA : 13 15 CPS
ALPHA : 8 12 CPS
THETA : 4 8 CPS
DELTA : 0.5 4 CPS

BRAIN WAVES

BRAIN WAVES
BETA STATE: 13 15 CPS
Indicates a mental state of logical thought,
analysis and action. In this state a person
is alert, awake, talking or doing something.
ALPHA STATE : 8 12 CPS
Indicates relaxation and meditation. A
state of relaxed alertness highly useful for
learning fast.

BRAIN WAVES
THETA STATE: 4 8 CPS
Indicates a state of deep meditation. This
state is best for suggestibility and
inspiration. This brain wave is dominant in
children of age 2 to 5 years.
DELTA STATE : 0.5 8 CPS
Deep dreamless sleep. Deep relaxation.

BRAIN WAVES
Usually the left brain
and the right brain
waves peak
independent of each
other.
During meditation /
deep relaxation, they
peak together. A state
of synchronization
related to greater mind
power and creativity

FOR A BETTER MEMORY.

Aerobic exercise
at least three times a week!

FOOD FOR THOUGHT!

A healthy diet rich in vitamins

and minerals!

FOR A BETTER MEMORY.

Avoid / Manage stress!

FOR A BETTER MEMORY.

Meditation!

FOR A BETTER MEMORY.

Mental callisthenics!