Chapter 08 - Modularization Techniques

IBM Global Services
Modularization Techniques
Modularization Techniques |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Objectives
The participants will be able to:
Create Subroutines
Describe the various methods for passing Parameters to Subroutines
Create Function Modules
Call Function Modules from ABAP Programs
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
What Are Subroutines ?

REPORT YEXAMPLE1.
REPORT YEXAMPLE2.
Calculate tax
Call calculated_tax
Calculate tax
Call calculated_tax
Subroutine
Calculate_tax
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Modularization
REPORT YEXAM1.
REPORT YEXAM2.
REPORT YEXAM3.
Perform sub(YDEMOSB1)
Call Function ZZCALC
Perform sub
Form sub
External
Call
REPORT YEXAMS1.
Form sub
FunctionModule
Call
ABAP Function Builder
Function module
ZZCALC
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Actual / Formal Parameters

Main
Program
99
a1
a2
a3
Call Calculate_tax
Transfer values of fields a1 a2
Get value of field a3
Actual parameters
a1
a2
a3
Parameter transfer
ine
t
u
o
r
Sub
Formal parameters
f1
f2
f3
Subroutine calculate_tax
99
1
f1
f2
f3
f3 = f1 +f2 . . . .
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Methods of Passing Parameters

Pass by Value
a1
tine
u
o
r
b
Su
f1
Pass by Value and Result

a1
Pass by Reference
a1
Subro
u
tine
f1
ine
t
u
o
r
Sub
f1
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Declaring and Calling a Subroutine - Pass by Value(1) &

Reference(2)
REPORT Y170D091.
DATA: .
.
.
.
PERFORM <name> USING
<a1> <a2>
<a3> <a4>.
.
.
.
FORM <name> USING
VALUE(<f1>)
VALUE(<f2>)
<f3>
<f4>.
<statements>
Pass by value
Pass by reference
ENDFORM.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Declaring and Calling a Subroutine - Pass by Value and

Result(3)
REPORT YSDEM000.
DATA: ... .
.
.
PERFORM <name> USING
<a1> <a2>
CHANGING<a3>.
.
.
FORM <name> USING
VALUE(<f1>)
Pass by value
VALUE(<f2>)
CHANGING VALUE(<f3>). Pass by value and result
.
.
f 3 =A.
.
.
ENDFORM.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Global versus Local Data

report
y170dm86.
data: num(9) value 999999999.

data:
id
type id,
name type name1.
. . . <statements>
perform sub1.
. . . <statements>
Global Data
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
FORM SUB1
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*
form sub1.
data: begin of tab ,
<----------- local data
id
type id,
Local Data
name1 type name1,
end of tab.
local: num
.
<----------- local data
. . . <statements>
endform.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Local Data in Subroutines

Statement
Between
FORM
ENDFORM
Value Upon
Entering
Subroutine First
Time
Value Upon
Value Upon
Returning to Main Entering
Program
Subroutine Next
Time
DATA
Whatever the local

DATA statement
Initializes
If declared globally,
returns to old value,
otherwise not
recognized
Re-initializes based
on local DATA
statement
STATICS
Whatever the local

STATICS statement
initializes
If declared globally,
returns to old value,
otherwise not
recognized
Last set value from

inside subroutine
LOCAL
Last set value from

main program
Last set value from

main program
Last set value from

main program
10
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Passing Structures as Parameters

REPORT Y170D095.
This is passing the
DATA: IT_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TABNA.
TABNA work area
DATA: WA_TAB TYPE TABNA.
only
DATA: FLAG.
.
.
PERFORM SUB1 USING WA_TABNA.
This is passing the
PERFORM SUB1 USING IT_TAB[].
ZTAB structure
.
.
.
FORM SUB1 USING
WA_TAB TYPE TABNA.
WRITE: / WA_TAB-COUNTRY,
WA_TAB-NAME1.
ENDFORM.
11
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Passing Internal Tables as Parameters

REPORT Y170D093.
TYPES : BEGIN OF TY_TAB,
F1 TYPE TABNA-COUNTRY,
F2 TYPE TABNA-NAME1,
.
.
.
END OF TY_TAB.
TYPES: TY_T_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_TAB.
DATA: IT_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_TAB.
DATA: WA_TAB TYPE TY_TAB.
DATA : X TYPE C.
.
.
PERFORM SUB1 USING IT_TAB[] X.
FORM SUB1 USING IT_TAB TYPE TY_T_TAB
Z TYPE C.
LOOP AT IT_TAB INTO WA_TAB.
WRITE: / WA_TAB-F1
WA_TAB-F2.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM .
12
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
External Subroutines
PERFORM <name>(<prog name>) USING . . .
REPORT Y170D096.
DATA:
TABNA TYPE TABNA,
T001 TYPE T001,
T005 TYPE T005.
.
.
.
START-OF-SELECTION.
.
.
.
PERFORM
SUB1(Y170D097) . . . .
.
.
.
13
REPORT Y170D097.
DATA :
TABNA TYPE TABNA,
T001 TYPE T001,
T001G TYPE T001G.
.
.
.
START-OF-SELECTION
.
.
.
FORM SUB1 . . . .
.
.
NEW-PAGE.
.
.
ENDFORM
Roll Area
TABNA
T001
T005
T001G
Y170D108
Y170D109
Storage Allocation
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Creating a subroutine in a program to modularize the logic.
14
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Practice
Creating a subroutine in a program to modularize the logic.
15
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Function Modules
Function Builder
Program 1
CALL FUNCTION
FM_02
...
FM Group : FIBU
FM_01 ...
FM_02 ...
Program 2
FM Group : XYZ
FM_03 ...
FM_04 ...
CALL FUNCTION
FM_02
...
Program 3
CALL FUNCTION
FM_02
...
16
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Function Module Parts
FM -02
Section I Administration
Section II Interface
Chapter 1 Import
Chapter 2 Changing
Chapter 3 Export
Chapter 4 Tables
Chapter 5 Exceptions
Section III Documentation

Section IV Source Code
FM Group : FIBU
FM_01 ...
FM_02 ...
FM Group : XYZ
FM_03 ...
FM_04 ...
Section V Global Data

Section VI Main Program
17
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Creating a Function Group
18
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Function Module
19
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Interfaces
Program XYZ.
Call function
Y_DEMO_FUNC
Import
Changing
Export
Tables
Exceptions
20
Function Module
Y_DEMO_FUNC
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Import/Export Parameter Interface

LIKE
Default value
Pass parameter
by reference
Parameter name
TYPE
21
Flag parameter
as optional
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Table Parameters/Exceptions Interface & Documentation

TYPE REF TO
Flag parameter
as optional
Parameter name
TYPE
22
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Function Module Source Code

function y_demo_function_module.
* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* Local interface:
IMPORTING
*
REFERENCE(FIELD1) TYPE COUNTRY
*
EXPORTING
*
VALUE(FIELD3) TYPE NAME1
*
TABLES
*
TAB STRUCTURE TABNA
*
CHANGING
*
VALUE(FIELD2) TYPE ID
*
EXCEPTIONS
*
INVALID_DATA
*
SYSTEM_ERROR
*
* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------endfunction.
23
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Exceptions
INVALID_OPERATOR
Function Module
...
IF...
RAISE INVALID_OPERATOR.
* MESSAGE. . . RAISING
INVALID_OPERATOR.
ENDIF.
...
24
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Example - Raising Exceptions

case operator.
when +.
result = operand1 + operand2.
when -.
result = operand1 - operand2.
when /.
if operand2 <> 0.
result = operand1 / operand2.
else.
raise division_by_zero.
endif.
when *
result = operand1 * operand2.
when others.
raise invalid_operator.
endcase.
25
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Calling a Function Module

report ymodemo message-id yj.
parameters:
operand1 type i,
operator TYPE C,
operand2 TYPE operand1.
data:
result type p decimals 2.
call function Y_CALCULATOR
exporting
operand1
= operand1
operator
= operator
operand2
= operand2
importing
result
= result
exceptions
invalid_operator
=1
division_by_zero = 2
others
= 3.
26
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Calling a Function Module (Contd.)

exceptions
invalid_operator = 1
division_by_zero = 2
others
= 3.
case sy-subrc.
when 1.
message
e001.
when 2.
message
e005.
when 3.
message
e007.
endcase.
27
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Program Organisation
SAPL <gr>
*System-defined include files
L<gr>TOP
INCLUDE L<gr>TOP.
INCLUDE L<gr>UXX
FUNCTION-POOL <gr>
Message-ID ZZ.
DATA: Global DATA
*User-defined include files
L<gr>UXX
L<gr>U01
FUNCTION FA.
L<gr>U02
INCLUDE L<gr> U01.

INCLUDE L<gr> U02.
.
.
FUNCTION FB.
28
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Subroutine Includes for Function Groups

Main Program
System-defined include files INCLUDE L<gr> TOP. Global Data
User defined include files INCLUDE L<gr> F01. Subroutines
ABAP program L<gr> F01
Call
FORM SUB1 USING . . . .

.
.
.
ENDFORM.
FORM SUB2 USING . . . .
.
.
.
ENDFORM.
.
.
.
29
FUNCTION . . .
.
.
.
PERFORM SUB1 USING . . .
.
.
.
ENDFUNCTION.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Global Data / Local Memory in the Function Group

Global Data
L <gr> TOP
FUNCTION-POOL <gr>.
DATA: X
TYPES: . . .
Program
FUNCTION . . .
DATA: . . .
MOVE X TO . . .
ENDFUNCTION.
30
Subroutines
L <gr> F01
FORM SUB1 USING...
DATA: . . .
MOVE. . . TO X.
ENDFORM.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Test Environment
Import parameters
Tables
FM: Y170 DEMO
Does it work?
Export Parameters
31
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Managing Function Modules

Administration
32
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Remote Function Call (RFC)

Program
CALL FUNCTION. . .
DESTINATION. . .
EXPORTING. . .
IMPORTING. . .
TABLES. . .
EXCEPTIONS. . .
External program
Function Group
ABAP
FUNCTION-POOL . . . .
Function
Function Module
Module
FUNCTION REMOTE_CALL
...
RAISE ERROR.
...
ENDFUNCTION.
RFCLid
External Program. . .
RfcOpen (. . .)
RfcCallReceive (. . .)
RfcClose (. . .)
33
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Displaying Function Module
34
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Modularization: The Include Technique

REPORT yinclude_technique.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
YINCLUDE_TECHNIQUE_GLOBAL_DATA
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
CONSTANTS : yes(1) type c value Y, Yes Flag
no(1) type c value N. No Flag.
Include yinclude_technique_global_data.
Include yinclude_technique_subroutines.
Data : company_name(50) type c,

Holds company report is for
Report_id
type sy-repid, Holds SAP report ID
Report_name(30) type c,
Holds IBM description
Errors(1) type c value E,
Flag if errors have occurred
Error_num type I value 0.
Number of errors that occurred
* The use of START-OF-SELECTION is discussed in the interactive reporting

* Usually it is not required, unless using includes in this manner
START-OF-SELECTION.
* Set variables for this report
company_name = Demo Company(501). Text elements cannot clash with
report_name
= Include Demo(502). those in includes
* All the code for the report would be here
* Errors variables will be set depending on if errors occurred
* At the end
If errors = E.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
YINCLUDE_TECHNIQUE_SUBROUTINES
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM sub_print_report_heading.
PERFORM sub_print_report_heading.
* Write rest of report
Write : /
/
/
/
Report for:(001) , company_name,

Date is :(002), sy-datum,
Report Name:(003) , report_name,
Report ID:(004), sy-repid.
ENDFORM. SUB_PRINT_REPORT_HEADING
35
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Creating a function module and using it in a program.
36
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Practice
Creating a function module and using it in a program.
37
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Summary
Redundancy in program can be avoided using subroutines.
Subroutines are used in three different ways: internal call, external call, a function
module stored centrally in the Function Builder.
Parameters passed to the subroutine using one of the following three methods.
Pass by value, Pass by value and result, Pass by reference.
The benefit of function modules lies in their reusability, which saves developers
from creating redundant code and increases programming efficiency.
Function groups are collections of logically related functions modules.
Specification of a function group is required when creating a function module.
The additional parameter DESTINATION is required for the remote call of a
Function Module.
38
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Questions
Why subroutine is used in the program?
What is function module? What is the advantage of using it in the program?
What are the different parameters of a function module?
What is function group?
How a function module can be remote enabled?
39
Dec-2008

Chapter 08 - Modularization Techniques

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Chapter 08 - Modularization Techniques

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IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

What Are Subroutines ?

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Call Function ZZCALC

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Actual / Formal Parameters

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Methods of Passing Parameters

Pass by Value and Result

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Declaring and Calling a Subroutine - Pass by Value(1) &

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Declaring and Calling a Subroutine - Pass by Value and

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Global versus Local Data

data: num(9) value 999999999.

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Local Data in Subroutines

Whatever the local

Whatever the local

Last set value from

Last set value from

Last set value from

Last set value from

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Passing Structures as Parameters

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Passing Internal Tables as Parameters

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Function Module Parts

Section III Documentation

Section V Global Data

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Creating a Function Group

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

2005 IBM Corporation