Newtons Second Law of

Motion
CHAPTER 2 FORCE AND MOTION

Newtons Second Law of Motion

From

the experiment 2.2

The

acceleration is directly proportional to

the force.

From
The

the experiment 2.3

acceleration is inversely proportional to

its mass

Newtons Second Law of Motion

In

order to make the formula as simple as possible,

we make = 1.

Force of 1N is defining as,

1

N is the force which gives a mass

of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 ms-2

Balanced Forces & Unbalanced Forces

In

general, there may be several forces acting

on the mass, whether parallel or anti-parallel,
or in different directions.

Thus,

the force, F, must be replaced with net

or resultant force when there are several
forces acting on the mass.

Where

a is in the direction of the net or

resultant force.

Balanced Forces

When

the forces acting on an object are balanced,

(net force = 0)

The

object then behave s as if there is no forces

acting on it.

Since

Fnet = 0, the acceleration of the object, a =0.

Thus, the object remains at rest or moves at
constant velocity when there is no net force
acting on it.

Example of balanced forces:

Balanced

gymnast

forces on a stationary
The weight of the gymnast, W, is
balanced by the reaction force, R,
from the beam.
The two forces are of equal
magnitude but opposite in direction.
Without the beam (that is, no reaction
force), the gymnast will fall to the
ground because of her weight.

 Balanced

forces on a car moving at a constant velocity.

There are 3 horizontal forces acting
on a car moving at a constant
velocity.
The forward thrust, T, provided by
the car engine is balanced by the
frictional force on the wheels and
the air resistance

T=G+

 The

weight of the car, W, is vertically

balanced by the reaction force, R, from the
road.

W=
R

T=G+
Ff

Balanced Forces ( = 0, a =0)

Fnet = 0

(as no force acting on

it)
F1 = F2
From Fnet = ma
0 = ma
(since mass, m, cannot be zero)

Balanced Forces ( = 0, a =0)

Object at rest

(v = 0 ms-1)

Zamri pushes a heavy cupboard

with a force of 200N, but the
cupboard does not move.
Find the frictional force acting on
the cupboard.

Balanced Forces ( = 0, a =0)

Using

Fnet = ma

But Fnet = 0, since a = 0

the frictional force here is known as static friction

Balanced Forces ( = 0, a =0)

Object
(v

in motion

0, object is moving at constant velocity)

Linda pushes a book on a

table with a force of 5 N.
The book moves with a
uniform velocity of 2 cm s-1.
Find the frictional force
acting on the book.

Balanced Forces ( = 0, a =0)

Using

Fnet = ma

But

Fnet = 0,
since a = 0

the frictional force here is known as dynamic

friction

Unbalanced Forces
When

the forces acting on an object are not

balanced, the object will accelerate in the
direction of the net force.

The

net force is known as the resultant

force.

Effect of Balanced Forces and

Unbalanced Forces on an Object
Balanced

forces (Fnet = 0, a = 0)

Effect of Balanced Forces and

Unbalanced Forces on an Object
Balanced

forces on an aircraft
allow it to move at constant
velocity at a constant altitude.

The

engine thrust is balanced

by the drag due to air
resistance while the weight of
the aircraft is balanced by a lift
from the wings.

Effect of Balanced Forces and

Unbalanced Forces on an Object
Unbalanced

forces (Fnet 0, a 0)
When the forces acting on an
aircraft do not cancel out each
other, a net force known as
unbalanced force is acting
on the object.
Unbalanced forces produce
an acceleration to the mass

Effect of Balanced Forces and

Unbalanced Forces on an Object

However, the object will accelerate

in the direction of the net force.
When an airplane is moving at a
constant velocity, if the pilot
increases the engine thrust, the
forces acting horizontally are no
longer balanced. There is a net force
and plane will accelerate in the
forward direction.