PHYS16 Lecture 32

Ch. 15 Oscillations

Oscillations pre-question
Is a bouncing ball an example of
simple harmonic motion?
A) Yes
B) No

Oscillations pre-question
Two kids are swinging on two swings of the
same height one kid is a little chubbier
than the other. Neglecting frictional forces,
which kid completes a back and forth
swing in the fastest time?
A) The chubby kid
B) The skinny kid
C) The kid who pushes off the ground the best
D) Both complete in the same time

Outline for Oscillations

Simple Harmonic Motion
Position, Velocity, Acceleration
Force
Energy

Resonance and Damping

Oscillations and Periodic

Motion

Simple Harmonic Motion

1) About Equil.
2) Periodic
3) Sinusoidal

http://img.tfd.com/ggse/c9/gsed_0001_0012_0_img2993.p

Discussion: Examples of
SHM?
Mass on a Spring
Pendulum

Snowboarder in halfpipe
Bungee jumper
Child on swing
Bobble head doll?

Simple Harmonic Motion:

Position, Velocity, Acceleration

Simple Harmonic Motion

Equilibrium Point

x A sin(t )
2

http://www.gailruby.com/Picture4.png

Discussion: Phase
Your book says that displacement is
in terms of cosine and I just said that
it is in terms of sine? Who is right?

x A sin(t )
x A sin(t 90) A cos(t )
There is also a phase term () that lets you set the initial condition.
If the oscillation starts at A it is a sine with a =90 degrees or a cosine
with a =0 degrees.

SHM Position, Velocity, Acceleration

p://www.tutornext.com/system/files/u89/Chapter%2011-3.gif

x A sin(t )
v A cos(t )
a A sin(t )
2

Discussion
What is the max speed and when
does it occur?

Equilibrium Point

vmax A at t 0
v 0 at t /2

Example Question
An object undergoes simple harmonic
motion. If the amplitude and period are
doubled, the objects max speed is:
A) Quadrupled
B) Doubled
C) Unchanged
D) Halved
E) Quartered

Simple Harmonic Motion:

Restoring Force

Restoring Force
Force that always points back to the
equilibrium position Example = spring

F kx x

k is just a constant for a spring it is the spring

constant

/www.cs.wright.edu/~jslater/SDTCOutreachWebsite/images/gif/spring_mass_dia.gif

Restoring Force Spring

2

d x
F kx ma m 2
dt
2
k A sin(t ) m A sin(t )

kx m x
2

,
m

1
f
2

k
m

Discussion: Period
A block on a spring has a period of T.
What is the period if:
A) the mass is doubled?

2T

1
B) k is quadrupled? T
2
C) A is doubled?

Restoring Force - Pendulum

What is the period of a pendulum?

F ks mg sin( )
s
ks mg , for small
L
g

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a8/Pendulum.png/300px-Pendulum.png

Simple Harmonic Motion:

Energy

Energy in SHM
1 2 1 2
E mv kx
2
2
1
1
2 2
2
2
2
E m A sin (t ) k A cos (t )
2
2
1 2
E kA
2

://www.farraguttn.com/science/milligan/APPhys/SHMOver_files/image022.jpg

Main Points - SHM

Movement
x A sin(t )

Restoring Force creates oscillation

d 2x
F kx m 2
dt

Energy is dependent on amplitude

1 2
E kA
2