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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

NCSCOS
1.01, 1.02, 4.04

Objectives
Define exponents and powers.
Find products of powers.
Simplify products of monomials.

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

Exponents

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

xm = x x x . . . x
m factors

Product-of-Powers Property
For all nonzero real numbers x and all integers
m and n,
xm xn = xm+n
x3 x5 = x3+5 = x8
x3c x4c

= x7c

(x + c)d (x + c)2d

= (x + c)3d

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

Simplify.

72 = 14

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

Leave in exponential form.

= 49

53 = 125
34 = 81
26 = 64
35 = 243
27 = 128

(35)(3) = 36
(82)(82) = 84
(z6)(z3) =

z9

(az)(a3) = az+3
(7a)(7b) = 7a+b

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

Hint: multiply coefficients and add

exponents having the same base

Simplify.

(5p3)(-m8p2)

(6a b)(3ab )=
2

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

= -5m8p5

= 18a3b3

(6x2)(4x2y3)

(9a3b)(5ab2)
= 45a b
4

= 24x4y3

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

Simplify.

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

Hint: multiply coefficients and add

exponents having the same base

(-5c2)(3c7)
= -15c9
(2ab5)(4a2b4)
= 8a3b9

(3s2t)(8t6)
= 24s2t7
(7h2j2k)(5k3)
= 35h2j2k4

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

Simplify.

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

Hint: multiply coefficients and add

exponents having the same base

(5t)(-30t2)(-t)

= 150t4

(-4a2b)(-ac2)(3b2c2) = 12a3b3c4
(3m2)(60mp2)

= 180m3p2

(8xz)(-10y)(-2yz2)

= 160xy2z3

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

Suppose that a colony of bacteria doubles in

size every hour. If the colony contains 1000
bacteria at noon, how many bacteria will the
colony contain at 3 pm and at 5pm on the
same day?
This can be solved two ways:
Noon
1000

1pm
2000

2pm
4000

Or, 1000 23 = 8000

3 pm
8000

4 pm
16,000

5pm
32,000

1000 25 = 32,000

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

The volume, V, of a right rectangular prism

can be found by using the formula V = lwh,
where l is the length, w is the width, and h
is the height. Suppose that a prisim has a
length of 2xy, a width of 3xy, and a height
of 6xyz. Find the volume.
(2xy)(3xy)(6xyz) = (36x3y3z)

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

NCSCOS
1.01, 1.02, 4.04

Objectives
Find the Power-of-a-Power
Find the Power-of-a-Product

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

Power-of-a-Power Property: For all real

numbers x and all integers m and n,
(xm)n = xmn.
(23)4 = 212
(3x)2 =
9x2
(p2)5 =

p10

(4am)2 = 16a2m

Power-of-a-Product Property
For all nonzero real numbers x and y and
all integers n, (xy)n = xnyn.
(5xy5)3 = 125x3y15
(xy2)3 = x3y6
(3x3y4)2 = 9x6y8

(2r5)4 =

164r20

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

Simplify.

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

(3x2y3)3 = 27x6y9
(2ab2cn)5 = 32a5b10c5n
(4ab2c3d)n = 4nanb2nc3ndn
(-5xy2z4)3 = -125x3y6z12
(3ab2cn)4 = 81a4b8c4n

2(3x2y)2 =

2(9x4y2) = 18x4y2

4(2x3y2)3 = 4(8x9y6) = 32x9y6

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

Simplify.

(2x2)3 (4x3)2

(4x3y2)2 (3x2y3)2 =

= (8x6)(16x6)

= (16x6y4)(9x4y6)

= 128x

12

= 144x10y10
(4a4b4)3 (-5a2b3)2 =
= (64a12b12)(25a4b6)
= 1600a16b18
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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

Simplify.

(4xy) (6x y )

(5m2n3)2(2m4n3)2

(16x2y2)(36x6y4)

(25m4n6)(4m8n6)

= 504x8y6

2 2

= 100m12n12

(-3a2bc3)3(6a4b3cd)2
(-27a6b3c9)(36a8b6c2d2)
= -972a14b9c11d2
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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

Even powers on a negative #

(-t)4 = t4
(-y)4 = y4

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

positive #.

(-y)100 = y100
(-3y)4 = 81y4

Odd powers on a negative # = negative #.

(-4x5)3 = -64x15
(-t)5 = -t5
(-5x)3 = -125x3

(-3h9)3 = -27h27

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8.1 and 8.2 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials

by Mr. Weidinger, EWHS, Goldsboro, NC)

The volume, V, of a sphere is given by the formula

4 3
V r Suppose that the radius, r, of a sphere
3
is equal to 6s2, where, s, is the radius of a smaller
sphere. Find the volume of the both spheres in
terms of the radius.
4 3
4
3
Smaller sphere: V ( s) = V s
3
3
Larger sphere: V 4 (6s 2 ) 3
3
4
V (216s 6 ) 288s 6
3

6s2
s

V 288x

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