Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Routing
CSE-Network ManagementIntroduction
www.cisco.com
1-1
Agenda
What Is Routing?
Routing Protocols
www.cisco.com
7-2
What is Routing?
CSE-Network ManagementIntroduction
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
www.cisco.com
1-3
What Is Routing?
Routing is:
Finding a path between a source and
destination (path determination)
Moving information across an internetwork
from a source to a destination (switching*)
Very complex in large networks because
of the many potential intermediate nodes
A router is:
A network layer device that forwards packets
from one network to another and determines
the optimal path for forwarding network traffic
www.cisco.com
7-4
RoutersLayer 3
Remote
Location
Routing Table
192.168.3.0
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0
Frame Relay
Ethernet
FDDI
Network 192.168.3.0
Frame Relay
Main Site
Network 192.168.2.0
FDDI
Network 192.168.1.0
Ethernet
CSE: Networking FundamentalsRouting
www.cisco.com
7-5
LAN-to-LAN connectivity
LAN-to-WAN connectivity
Remote access
www.cisco.com
7-6
LAN-to-LAN Connectivity
X
C
C
A
A
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
B
B
A
Network
Data Link
Physical
B
Network
Data Link
Physical
C
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
www.cisco.com
7-7
Path Determination
5
2
4
1
Which Path?
10
11
www.cisco.com
7-8
Rapid convergence
Fast agreement, by all routers, on optimal routes
Flexibility
Quick and accurate adaptation to changes in
router availability, bandwidth, queue size, etc.
www.cisco.com
7-9
Routing Metrics
Path length
Total hop count or sum of cost per network link
Reliability
Dependability (bit error rate) of each network link
Delay
Useful because it depends on bandwidth, queues, network congestion, and physical
distance
Communication cost
Operating expenses of links (private versus public)
www.cisco.com
7-10
Types of Routing.
Static routing
Default routing
Dynamic routing.
www.cisco.com
7-11
Static Routing
Manual table updates by
a network administrator
Benefits
Reflects administrators special
topology knowledge
Stub network
B
Stub Network
CSE: Networking FundamentalsRouting
www.cisco.com
7-12
Dynamic Routing
Most internetworks use dynamic routing
A
D
X
C
A
D
B
C
www.cisco.com
7-13
Routing Protocols
CSE-Network ManagementIntroduction
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
www.cisco.com
1-14
Routing protocols
used between
routers to maintain
routing tables
Network
Protocol
Protocol name
www.cisco.com
1.1
2.1
3.1
7-15
RIP
RIP
Distance
Distancevector
vector
Most
Mostcommon
commonIGP
IGP
Uses
Useshop
hopcount
count
Distance
Distancevector
vector
Developed
Developedby
byCisco
Cisco
Addresses
Addressesproblems
problemsin
in
large,
large,heterogeneous
heterogeneous
networks
networks
Hybrid
Hybridprotocol
protocol
Developed
Developedby
byCisco
Cisco
Superior
Superiorconvergence
convergence
and
andoperating
operatingefficiency
efficiency
Merges
Mergesbenefits
benefitsof
oflink
link
state
state&&distance
distancevector
vector
Distance Vector
Hybrid
EIGRP
EIGRP
OSPF
OSPF
Link
Linkstate,
state,hierarchical
hierarchical
Successor
Successorto
toRIP
RIP
Uses
Usesleast-cost
least-costrouting,
routing,
multipath
multipathrouting,
routing,and
and
load
loadbalancing
balancing
Derived
Derivedfrom
fromIS-IS
IS-IS
Link State
CSE: Networking FundamentalsRouting
www.cisco.com
7-16
OSPF
EIGRP
Hierarchical
Not restricted
High
Moderate
Large
Moderate
Controlling body
Industry standard
Cisco proprietary
Convergence
Fast
Fast
Configuration
Difficult
Easy
IP
IP
IPX
AppleTalk
Topology
Supported
protocols
www.cisco.com
7-17
Summary
www.cisco.com
7-18