Lecture Notes for CO1 (Part 2)

INTRODUCTION TO HEAT
TRANSFER
Week 2

Rizalman Mamat
Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Course Outcome 1 (CO1)

Students should be able to understand and
analyse the concept of conduction,
convection and radiation heat transfer.

Lesson Outcomes from CO1 (Part 2)

To explain the mechanism of various modes and
equations for the estimation of heat transfer
To derive the generalize 3-dimensional heat
conduction equation
To develop the one-dimensional heat conduction
form from the generalize 3-dimensional equation
for various geometries
2

INTRODUCTION

Heat transfer has direction as well as magnitude. It is a vector quantity.

The driving force for any form of heat transfer is the temperature
difference.

Three prime coordinate systems:

rectangular T(x, y, z, t)
cylindrical T(r, , z, t)
spherical T(r, , , t).

 The rate of heat conduction through a medium in a specified direction is expressed

by Fouriers law of heat conduction for one-dimensional heat conduction as:

Heat is conducted in the direction

of decreasing temperature, and
thus the temperature gradient is
negative when heat is conducted
in the positive x-direction.

If n is the normal of the isothermal

surface at point P (heat flux vector),
the rate of heat conduction at that
point can be expressed by Fouriers
law as

ONE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT CONDUCTION

EQUATION

(2-6)

Heat Conduction
Equation in a Large
Plane Wall

Heat Conduction Equation in a Long

Cylinder

10

Heat
Conduction
Equation in a
Long Cylinder

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thermal diffusivity

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Heat Conduction Equation

in a Sphere

13

Combined One-Dimensional Heat Conduction

Equation
Overall, the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equations
for the plane wall, cylinder, and sphere can be expressed as

n = 0 for a plane wall

n = 1 for a cylinder
n = 2 for a sphere
In the case of a plane wall, replace r by x.
This equation can be simplified for steady-state or no heat
generation cases as described before.
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GENERAL HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION

Before, we considered one-dimensional heat conduction and
assumed heat conduction in other directions to be negligible.
However, sometimes we need to consider heat transfer in other
directions as well.
In such cases heat conduction is said to be multidimensional, and
in this section we develop the governing differential equation in
such systems in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical.

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Rectangular Coordinates

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17

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Cylindrical Coordinates
Relations between the coordinates of a point in rectangular
and cylindrical coordinate systems:

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Spherical Coordinates
Relations between the coordinates of a point in rectangular
and spherical coordinate systems:

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