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CENTRAL DOGMA OF
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
DNA
transcription
RNA
translation
Protein
GROWING CELL
Before cell division the cells DNA
has to duplicate
(DNA REPLICATION)
TRANSCRIPTION
THE INFORMATION FOR PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS IS IN THE DNA IN THE
NUCLEUS.
THE INFO FROM THE DNA IS
COPIED INTO m RNA, WHICH CAN
LEAVE THE NUCLEUS AND GET TO
THE RIBOSOMES IN THE
CYTOPLASM.
DNA INFO
COPIED TO mRNA
RNA activated
nucleotides pair
with the
complementary
bases of the
DNA strand
Only 1 strand of
DNA in a gene
gets transcribed:
ANIMATION
CLIK here to view an animation of the whole process of transcription!
http://207.207.4.198/pub/flash/26/transme
nu_s.swf
TRANSLATION
DNA
transcription
M RNA
translation
PROTEIN
GENETIC CODE
Even though there are only 20 amino acids
that exist, there are actually 64 possible
tRNA molecules:
4 X 4 X 4 = 64 possible combinations
1 NUCLEOTIDE
CODON CODON
CODON
3 NUCLEOTIDE
G C U =Gly
2 NUCLEOTIDE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
GENETIC CODE
It can be reffered to DNA or RNA.
It is UNIVERSAL.
It is DEGENERATE
There are codons that code for punctuation (START and STOP)
TRANSLATION
LOADED tRNA
COMPONENTS PRESENT
IN THE PROCESS
Aminoacid
carried
anticodon
RIBOSOME
codon
mRNA
TRANSLATION
The newly made mRNA (transcription) leaves the nuceus and binds with the
ribosome in the cytoplasm.
ONE codon is exposed at site P and
another codon at site A
A tRNA with a complementary codon
in its anticodon site will bind with the
codon at site P, bringing an aminoacid.
1 AMINOACID:
Methionine (AUG)
in site P.
TRANSLATION
Even though every protein begins with the Methionine amino acid, not all
proteins will ultimately have methionine at one end. If the "start"
methionine is not needed, it is removed before the new protein goes to
work (either inside the cell or outside the cell, depending on the type of
protein synthesized)
TRANSLATION
2 AMINOACID:
Glycine (only in this case) in site A.
TRANSLATION
Growing polypeptide
STOP codon
POLYSOMES
ANIMATION
CLIK here to view an animation of the whole process of translation!
http://ncc.gmu.edu/dna/ANIMPROT.htm