COMP6175 Object Oriented

Programming
Topic 1 - Introduction

OUTLINE MATERIALS
Topic 1 Introduction

Programming Paradigms
Unstructured Programming
Structured Programming
Object Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming Languages
Why C++
C++ Example

Topic 1 - Introduction

Programming Paradigms

Programming paradigm is a way of conceptualizing

what it means to perform computation and how
tasks to be carried out on the computer should be
structured and organized.

Paradigms are the way that we think about

problems and how to solve the problems by
considering :
the nature of problems
how they are to be approached

Programming Paradigms (2)

Programming paradigm also refers to the approach

used to develop a program for solving problems.

Broadly, programming can be classified into three

categories:
Unstructured Programming
Structured Programming
Object-oriented Programming

Unstructured Programming

Unstructured Programming refers to writing simple

and small programs which consist of only one main
program, and all the actions of input, process and
output are done within a program.

goto Statement
Multi Entry and Multi Exit Subprogram
Spaghetti Code

Structured Programming

goto less Programming

Structured Theory
Sequential
Selection
Iteration
Single Entry and Single Exit Subprogram
Using structured programming, a program is broken
down into small independent tasks that are small
enough to be understood easily, where each task has
its own functionality and performs a specific part of
the actual processing

Structured Programming (2)

Structured Programming can be performed in two

ways:
Procedural Programming
Modular Programming

Structured Programming (3)

Procedural Programming
This programming has a single program that is divided into
small segments, called as procedures (also known as
functions, routines, subroutines or methods).

Modular Programming
The programs coded with procedural usually fits in a single
code file and it is for relatively small program
If the program gets large, modular programming is
recommended
Modular programming is where large programs is broken
down into some smaller program units known as modules
Each module is designed to perform specific functions

Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP), is a programming

paradigm that represent concepts as objects where
each objects will have data fields and methods

Data fields or also known as data members or attributes

are used to describe the object while methods are used
to describe the interactions between object.

In OOP, an object is an instance of a class.

More about OOP will be discussed in next session

Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP), is a programming

paradigm that represent concepts as objects where
each objects will have data fields and methods

Data fields or also known as data members or attributes

are used to describe the object while methods are used
to describe the interactions between object.

In OOP, an object is an instance of a class.

More about OOP will be discussed in next session

Structured Programming VS OOP

Structured Programming

Focuses on process
Top Down approach
A Single module will be split into several smaller modules
General to Specific
If the requirements are clear at the first instance we can go for Top
down approach

OOP

Focuses on object
Bottom Up approach
Lot of small modules will be grouped to form a single large module
Specific to General
In circumstances where the requirements may keep on adding, we
go for Bottom up approach

OO Programming Languages

There are many programming languages which

support OOP, some of them are:
C++
Java
C#

C++ Philosophy

C++
General-purpose language, as efficient and
portable as C
support multiple programming styles
( procedural programming, data abstraction, o-o
programming, and generic programming )
providing a smooth transition from C
avoids features that are platform specific or not
general purpose

Java

Compared to C++:

no header files,
no macros,
no pointers and references,
no unions,
no operator overloading,
no templates

Object-orientation:
Classes
Inheritance
Doesnt support multiple inheritance use interface

Java (2)

Robust:
Strong typing
no pointer
garbage collection

Secure:
access control

Portable
Runs in many OS, such as Windows, Linux, iOS

Multi-threaded

C#
C# : pronounced C Sharp
It is a multi-paradigm language that include
functional, imperative, OO and component-oriented
disciplines
C# is intended to be a programming language that
is :

simple,
modern,
general-purpose,
Object-oriented

It was initially named Cool, which stood for "C-like

Object Oriented Language."
However, in July 2000, the name of the programming
language was given as C#.

Why C++ ?
C++ is a general-purpose
programming language with a bias
towards systems programming that

is a better C
expressive
supports object-oriented programming
supports generic programming

containers: stack of char, int, double etc

generic algorithms: sort(), copy(), search() any
container Stack/Vector/List

C++ Example
My First Program in C++
include < iostream >
using nam espace std;
int m ain(){
cout< < "W elcom e to C+ + Program m ing";
cin.get();
return 0;
}

Q&A

References

Deitel, P., & Deitel, H. (2012). C++ How to Program.8 th

edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Chapter 1 & 2
ITL Education Solutions Limited. (2011). Introduction to
Computer Science. 2nd edition. Pearson Education. ISBN:
9788131760307 . Chapter 8

THANK YOU