Reservoir Monitoring

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How Does Well

Completion Work?
Once a well has been drilled, the decision must be
made: Will this well become a producer or be plugged
and abandoned as a dry hole?

Well completion incorporates the steps taken to

transform a drilled well into a producing one. These
steps include casing, cementing, perforating, gravel
packing, installing an artificial lift system and
production tree.

Casing

The first step in completing a well is to case the

hole. After a well has been drilled, should the
drilling fluids be removed, the well would
eventually close in upon itself. Casing ensures that
this will not happen while also protecting the
wellstream from outside incumbents, like water or
sand.

Consisting of steel pipe that is joined together to

make a continuous hollow tube, casing is run into
the well. The different levels of the well define what
diameter of casing will be installed. Referred to as a
casing program, the different levels include
production casing, intermediate casing, surface
casing and conductor casing

Casing

Cementing
The next step in well completion involves
cementing the well. This includes pumping cement
slurry into the well to displace the existing drilling
fluids and fill in the space between the casing and
the actual sides of the drilled well

Consisting of a special mixture of additives and

cement, the slurry is left to harden, sealing the
well from non-hydrocarbons that might try to enter
the wellstream, as well as permanently positioning
the casing into place.

Cementing

Cementing

Perforating
Cased-hole completions require casing to be run into
the reservoir. In order to achieve production, the
casing and cement are perforated to allow the
hydrocarbons to enter the wellstream.
This process involves running a perforation gun and a
reservoir locating device into the wellbore, many
times via a wireline, slickline or coiled tubing. Once
the reservoir level has been reached, the gun then
shoots holes in the sides of the well to allow the
hydrocarbons to enter the wellstream.
The perforations can either be accomplished via firing
bullets into the sides of the casing or by discharging
jets, or shaped charges, into the casing.

Perforating

Artificial Lift

Artificial lift is a process used on oil wells to increase

pressure within the reservoir and encourage oil to the
surface. When the natural drive energy of the
reservoir is not strong enough to push the oil to the
surface, artificial lift is employed to recover more
production.
Some artificial methods are: (Beam pump, Electrical
Submerged pump and Gas lift)

Artificial Lift

What do SageRider
offer?
Subsurface Surveillance System

External System
Internal System

Subsurface
Surveillance
System
Is an innovative Permanent
Monitoring system designed

to provide continuous real-time Pressure/Temperature

data for a variety of valuable reservoir applications.
SageWatch, combined with our fiber optic capability
for providing DTS (distributed temperature sensing) and
DAS (distributed acoustic sensing). Both systems
provide highly accurate real-time data to surface via
TEC (Tubing Encapsulated Cable).
The SageWatch system can be installed on the
outside of the casing from where it can monitor
reservoir activity only, internal casing activity only,
or a combination of external and internal activity.
Can also be installed into an existing cased wellbore to
monitor individual sections within the wellbore,
isolation for this method is accomplished through the
use of hydraulic or swellable packers.

External Casing Deployed

System
Standard configuration utilizes an
integrated
gauge
carrier
manufactured to be robust and
threaded into the casing string.
The perforating gun and firing head
are held in place with integrated Yblocks to ensure that the entire
assembly remains robust and aligned.
The firing head utilizes a rupture disc
actuated via internal casing pressure
to detonate.

External Casing
Deployed System

Applications/Benefi
ts
Initial Reservoir Layer Pressure
Offset Frac Pressure Monitoring
Stimulation and Production Monitoring
Identify frac communication between layers.
Identify communication between wells.

Questions?
In the external SageWatch system, why the guns only
have one direction? Is possible to introduced guns in all
direction of the casing? It is possible 360 degree.
The gun can shoot in any direction you require. However, the
purpose of the perforations is purely to make communication
with the reservoir.
In the external SageWatch system how to introduced the
system in the well? How to know if you are in the specific
pay interval? You need Wireline system to help?
The system is installed on the outside of the casing as you are
running in hole. The gauges are then installed in accordance with
the casing tally.
In the SageWatch Subsurface Surveillance System why reason only
use one firing head? Is possible to use a mechanical and hydraulic
firing head?
We are only perforating in order to communicated with the reservoir.

Questions?
What happened if firing head has a misfired?
If you use TCP or wireline system gun in the well and for
mistake damage one sensor what happen with the
system? The system are connected in parallel?
System is connected in series. If you make a mistake and shoot
the line you will lose all gauges below the break in line.
How to solve this problem?
In the perforation stage, always use guns to perforating.
But if you had a lot of sensor connected to each in the
casing, what happened in the perforating?
Destroy fiber optic and lost connection with surface?

Internal Tubing
Deployed System
Run on tubing inside of casing
Hydraulic set, retrievable packers
isolate each set of existing perfs.
Deployed in horizontal or vertical
wells
System is retrievable and can be
moved to another wellbore.

Internal Tubing Deployed

System

Applications/Benefi
ts
Run in existing wells on tubing inside of casing
14 gauges per TEC line; maximum 28 gauges per
well
Single Well Ranger Data Collection Unit at surface
Real-time data streamed to any desired offsite
location
Can run off solar or hard wired power
System is retrievable and can be moved to
numerous locations
Monitoring of offset well stimulation processes

Questions?
In the internal tubing conveyed system why to use two
hydraulic set packer? Can you explain me how to
activated this packers?? Is better to use one hydraulic
packer and one mechanical packer?
We use a hydraulic set packer above and below the gauge in
order to provide isolation. Packer are actuated by applying
pressure to the tubing.
In the internal tubing conveyed system how to know if
you are in the specific pay interval? You need Wireline
system to help? Or how to collocated in the specific pay
interval?
The tubing is installed in accordance with the open hole log or
casing log. The tubing string can also be installed with a
radioactive tag.
If compare a TCP with a memory gauge vs. Internal
tubing conveyed system what are the advantage? In
relation cost and performance.

Questions?
Is it necessary to set the internal tubing conveyed
system in front of the pay interval?
Where to set the artificial lift system like ESP?

There any restrictions on the angle of deviation, and if

there is a restriction which is the maximum angle
allowed?
How to use the internal tubing conveyed system
MAXAR System? Is possible? Where set the system?

in

Is possible to use the internal tubing conveyed system in

a well with 3 o 4 pay interval in the same time? How to
set the system?

Fiber Optic Systems

Distributed Fiber
Sensing

Applications
Distributed

Distributed Acoustics

Temperature
Production Monitoring inflow allocation
Zonal flow contribution

Monitor flow regimes (slugging, bubble)

Production monitoring below

Monitor induced fracturing and fluid

ESP
Injection performance
monitoring
Stimulation profile verification
Identification of gas
breakthrough
Gas Lift Valves & ESP
monitoring
Flow behind casing

placement
Changes in proppant concentration
Injection and stimulation profiles
Sand detection in boreholes and flow
lines
Completion integrity problems and leaks

Contact Info
Morken Services Ecuador S.A.
Contact: Ricardo Bolaos C.
Mail:
rbolanos@morkenecuador.com
Tel: (593-2) 513-8323/4/5
Cell: (593) 983738136