Assignment :

Telecommunication
Assignment:
Development In Telecommunication
Group No:
4
Roll No:
12-832
12-836
12-850
12-872
12-883
12-886

Title
Development In
Telecommunication

Abstract:
Telecommunication is essential part of transmitting information
over a significant distance. As the world has become global
village due to fast information technology where people use
telecommunication services for personal conversation for
business purposes sharing information and for entertainment
through TV radio online live casting program. These are all
dependent on telecommunication media which becomes an
interface between sender and receiver. This paper includes
research on development of telecommunication. Use of Guided,
Un Guided, Fiber optics, Fixed Wireless Technology, Ultra Wide
Band, Direct Broadcast Satellite.

Key words:
Sender, Receiver, Medium, Signals

Introduction:
Telecommunication concept has been around since the early
human history when smoke signals and drums were used to inform
people and group of people for any important event or situation it
was the simplest way of informing people but not a competent way.
Then in 1790s semaphore system was introduced in Europe and
semaphore signals were spread to Italy, Germany and Russia so
that they could send messages to each other. And then in 1880s
telecommunication was introduced. In 1830s electrical
telecommunication started to appear as telegraph was going to be
used. And now recent technologies include Radio Television,
Telephone, fax machines and computers. These all have their own
unique properties for the better exchange of information among
people. . In1958 - AT&T introduces datasets (modems) for direct
connection. 1959 - AT&T introduces the TH-1 1860-channel
microwave system. AT&T installs first electronic switching system

1964 - IBM releases its famous Model 360 computer that

eventually led to $100 billion in sales over its life cycle.
So the development in telecommunication systems
increased day by.

Today Telecommunication:
Now a days Telecommunication includes the use of
electrical devices such as telegraphs, telephones, and
teleprinters, the use of radio and microwave
communications, as well as fiber optics and their
associated electronics, plus the use of the orbiting
satellites and the Internet. It is common for multiple
transmitting and receiving stations to exchange data
among themselves. Such an arrangement is called a
telecommunications network. The Internet is the largest
example. On a smaller scale, examples include Telephone
networks, Guided & Un Guided media, Fiber optics, Fixed
Wireless Technology, Ultra Wide Band, and Direct
Broadcast Satellite.

Working of telecommunication:
A basic telecommunication system consists of three primary
units that are always present in some form:
A transmitter that takes information and converts it to a signal
A transmission medium, also called the "physical channel" that
carries the signal. An example of this is the "free space
channel".
A receiver that takes the signal from the channel and converts it
back into usable information
For example, in aradio broadcasting stationthe station's
largepower amplifieris the transmitter; and the
broadcastingantennais the interface between the power
amplifier and the "free space channel". The free space channel is
the transmission medium and the receiver's antenna is the
interface between the free space channel and the receiver. Next,
theradio receiveris the destination of the radio signal, and
. converted from electricity to sound for people to listen

Sometimes, telecommunication systems are"duplex"(two-way

systems) with a single box ofelectronicsworking as both a
transmitter and a receiver, or atransceiver. Telecommunication
over fixed lines is calledpoint-to-point communicationbecause
it is between one transmitter and one receiver.
Telecommunication through radio broadcasts is
calledbroadcast communicationbecause it is between one
powerful transmitter and numerous low-power but sensitive
radio receivers. Communications signals can be either
byanalog signalsordigital signals. Atelecommunications
networkis a collection of transmitters, receivers,
andcommunications channelsthat send messages to one
another. Some digital communications networks contain one or
moreroutersthat work together to transmit information to the
correct user. An analog communications network consists of
one or moreswitches that establish a connection between two
or more users. Modulation can be used to represent a digital
message as an analog waveform.

Development in Telecommunication:
1-Smoke Signals:
The smoke signal is one of the oldest forms of long-distance
communication. It is a form of visual communication used over
long distance. In general smoke signals are used to transmit
news, signal danger, or gather people to a common area.
Smoke signals remain in use today. In Rome, the College of
Cardinals uses smoke signals to indicate the selection of a new
Pope during a papal conclave.
2-Drum Signals:
Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums
served as an early form of long distance communication, and
were used during ceremonial and religious functions. In the
20th century the talking drums have become a part of popular
music in West Africa, especially in the music genres of Nigeria
and Senegal

3-Guided Media:
In this category the communication device is attached to each
other directly with cables. Twisted pair cable is the most common
used communication media and used in LAN (local area network)
for transfer of data between various computers. They are also
used in landline telephones to transfer data signals and voice.
Coaxial cable are also used in telephone lines. The bandwidth is
80 times more than twisted pair cable. They are also used in LAN.
4-Un Guided Media:
In this form the data is transferred in the form of waves. This
means that they do not travel along a specific path. Data can be
transferred all over the globe.
5-Microwave:
In this kind the data is transferred via air. The waves travel in a
straight line. The data is received and transferred via microwave
stations. The speed at which data is transferred is 150 Mbps. They
are widely used by telephone and cable companies.
6-Cellular Radio:
They are used for communication via mobile. High frequency
radio waves are used for the transmission of data. You can receive
and make calls and also access the internet.

7-Fiber Optics:
They use light to transfer data. The data is transferred at
a very high speed of billions bit/second. They are highly
used by cable operators, telephone, and broadband
internet companies. They are made from glass and is as
thin as the human hair.
8-Direct broadcast satellite:
Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) refers to satellite
television (TV) systems in which the subscribers, or end
users, receive signals directly from geostationary
satellites. A DBS subscriber installation consists of a dish
antenna two to three feet (60 to 90 centimeters) in
diameter, a conventional TV set, a signal converter
placed next to the TV set, and a length of coaxial cable
between the dish and the converter.
9-Ultra Wide Band:
Ultra wideband (also known as UWB or as digital pulse
wireless) is a wireless technology for transmitting large
amounts of digital data over a wide spectrum of
frequency bands with very low power for a short
distance. Ultra wideband radio not only can carry a huge

Conclusion:
Thus it has been proved telecommunication is
becoming fast and convenient as it is improving day by
day it will change the human life totally because of its
flexibility and people will be connected to each other
by many portable devices. The development of
telecommunication will bring efficiency not only in
personal messages but also in each and every field of
life in business banking multimedia etc.

Thank you