WAST

ANYTHING THAT IS DISCARDED AS USELES IS

E
WASTE.WASTE IS PRODUCED IN HUGE

QUANTITIES EVERY DAY AL OVER THE

WORLDDUE TO VARIOUS HUMAN
ACTIVITIES.EARLIER KIDS USED SLATES &CHALK
BUT N OW EACH CHILD USES COPIES &
PENCILS,etc TO WRITE.THOUGH ADVANCEMENT
IS GOOD,WE CANNOT DENY THAT IT CAUSED A
GENERAL RISE IN THE QANTITY OF WASTE.
THOUGH WASTE IS PRODUSED ALL OVER
THE WORLD, THE SOURCES ARE DIFFERENT IN
DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. AS A RULE, RURAL
AREA DO NOT CONTRIBUTE TO WASTE
GENARATIONAS MUCH AS URBAN AREA DO.

SOURCES OF
WASTE

WASTE

DOMESTIC

INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIALAGRICULTURAL

DOMESTIC
WASTE.
ALL HOUSEHOLD WASTE COLLECTIVELY TERMED
AS DOMESTIC WASTE.THE WASTE/SPOILT FOOD
ITEMS,PEELS & OTHER WASTES COME UNDER
THIS CATEGORY.RUBBISH LIKE PAPER ,PLASTIC
RUBBER , GLASS, CARDSBOARD, ASHES, DUST,
etc. AS WELL AS DIRTY WATER FROM BATHING,
WASHING& CLEANING. ARE ALSO DOMESTIC
WASTE. THESE WASTES ARE GENERALLY
DEGRADABLE. MUCH OF THE DOMESTIC WASTE
TODAY IS RECYCLABLE. SEWAGE IS ALSO
CONSIDERED A DOMESTIC WASTE.

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

WHAT DO INDUSTRIES NEED FOR

PRODUCTION OF GOODS? THEY NEED
RAW MATERIALS. GENERALLY, A LAGE
QUANTITY OF RAW MATERIALS ARE
REQUIRED FOR A LITTLE AMOUNT OF
PRODUCT, FOR EXAMPLE, AS IN
MINING INDUSTRIES, SUGAR
INDUSTRIES LIKE PAPER INDUSTRIES
AND DISTILLERIES PRODUCE A LOT
OF SOLID WASTES AS RESIDUE
PULPS. TANNERIES, ETC. PRODUCE A
LOT OF CHEMICAL WASTES. EVEN
POWER PLANTS THAT USE COAL
PRODUCE LOT OF ASHES AND
POLLUTING GASSES. OIL REFINERIES
AND PETROLEUM BASED INDUSTRIES
ALSO EMIT A LOT OF POISONOUS
AND HARMFUL GASES AND
RESIDUES.

COMMERCIAL WASTES
COMMERCIAL WASTES ARE GENERALLY
LEFTOVER OF PACKAGING MATERIALS
AND WASTES GENERATED FROM NONINDUSTRIAL AND NON-DOMESTIC
SOURCES LIKE HOTELS, SHOPS,
RESTAURANTS, HOSPITALS, ETC. IT
GENERALLY INCLUDES RECYCLABLE
WASTES LIKE PAPER, CARBOARD,
PLASTIC AND JUTE BASED BAGS, ROPES,
BOTTLES OF PLASTIC AND GLASS.
DISPOSABLE SYRINGES, MEDICINE
BOTTLES, AND OTHER PLASTIC
EQUIPMENTS LIKE TUBES, ETC. ARE
DISCAREDED FROM HOSPITALS.

ARICULTURE WASTES

AGRICULTURE, JUST A CENTURY AGO, WAS VERY

NATURE-BASED. CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND
PESTICIDES WERE NOT COMMON IF NOT UNDEARD
OF. BUT MODERN AGRICULTURE SHOWS A WHOLE
NEW PICTUE. THE PRESSURE OF PRODUCING A
HIGHER YIELD FROM LESSER LAND HAS LED TO
THE OVERUSE AND MISUSE OF CHEMICAL
FERTILIZERS. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE BIODEGRADABLE AND ARE NOT A THREAT BUT ABOUT
40% OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ARE LEFT AS
RESIDUE IN SOIL FROM WHERE THEY POLLUTE
WATER-BODIES. OTHER CHEMICALS LISTED BELOW
ALSO LEAVE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND ARE A
NUISANCE.
INSECTICIDES --- USED TO KILL
HARMFUL INSECT
RODENTICIEDS---USED TO KILL RATS
AND MICE

Amazing Facts About Paper Recycling

Nearly 218,000 tons of shredded paper is used each year for animal
bedding.
Kids are helping to get recycling programs started. They visit Town Hall,
make speeches, write letters to the editor and get things done
84% of all Americans are recycling used paper at curbside or recycling
drop-off sites.

Tonnes of waste is generated

worldwide each day. Every house,
school, factory, hotel and hundreds
of other establishments release
wastes of several kinds. More
modernization has led to more waste
production. More waste production
leads to another problem-waste
accumulation. There are garbage
dumps outside every city in our
country today. Perhaps you have a
small dump in your locality. Do you
like to pass by it? It smells bad and is
not hygienic at all.

Waste accumulation is a big problem everywhere nowadays. As

you learnt in the last chapter wastes are either biodegradable or
non-biodegradable. Generally. Due to ignorance they are
collectively dumped outside city limits. Such accumulation of
waste causes many problems. Lets take a took at them.
-Accumulated garbage emits foul odour.
- Accumulated waste makes any place ugly.
- Uncovered garbage attracts flies and disease causing germs. It
becomes their breeding ground.
- In urban areas garbage dumped on roads is a nuisance.
- Garbage also attracts rodents that spread diseases, e.g. rats.
- Some harmful chemical wastes dumped carelessly are a big risk
to poor people who earn a living by collecting recyclable wastes.
- Plastic bottles and bags cause blockage in drains, harm the soil
and cause death of animals like cows and dogs.
- Industrial wastes dumped into rivers kill the aquatic life forms
and pollute the water.

- Pesticides and chemical fertilizers

accumulated in soil and waterbodies are a huge
risk to our health and the environment.
- Radioactive wastes from nuclear plants cause
serious disorders in plants and animals.

How we can check waste accumulation

Nobody likes to live in a dirty house or accumulate
rubbish in or near their houses. So, why should we
dirty our city? We all can play an active part in
checking waste accumulation.
1. We should spread awareness about health hazards
of waste accumulation.
2. We should store domestic waste in covered bins.
3. We should no to non-biodegradable products like
plastics.
4. We should have separate bins for biodegradable
and non-biodegradable wastes.
5. We should ensure that waste is regularly collected
from bins and disposed properly.
6. We should recycle whatever possible.
Remember to live a healthy life; cleanliness is most
important not just in our life style but also our
surroundings.

The key to mans largely in his environment. Many health problems are caused
by pollution of air, water and soil and improper waste disposal . Have you
ever noticed that whenever diseases like cholera, malaria, etc break out, the
poor are the first victims, specially slum dwellers . The unhygienic conditions
they live in welcome germs and disease carrying insects and rodents.

SANITATION The health in our country a result of poor sanitation. Most cities have a
sewer system where the sewage from houses and buildings is collected and treated
before being disposed . But some under-developed localities and slums do not posses
such facilities . The poor sanitation conditions in such places are also a cause for spread
of diseases like cholera . Even animal waste is a nuisance though nowadays in many
places it is being used to produce biogas.

The key to man s health lies in his

environment .
Garbage should be disposed off in a safe
manner .
Disease carrying insects and rodents are
called vectors.
Dirty stagnant water encourages
multiplication of mosquitoes .
The health in our country is largely a result
of poor sanitation.

WELCOME

Environmental Geology for Regional

Planning

The disposal of domestic

and industrial waste
under environmentally
sustainable condition has
become a matter of high
priority for the Chiang
Mai-Lamphun Basic and
for many other places in
Thailand well . Operated
and abandoned waste
sites have increasingly
developed into sources
of serious environmental
pollution.

Commom problems that

are related to waste
disposal sites are.Inappropriate site
selection
.Inadequate design of the
site
.Inadequate monitoring of
its environmental impacts

MATERIAL RECOVERY
Paper Recovery
Turtle Island Recycling
began as a local paper
recycling company . In
keeping with this
direction ,we have
developed and fostered
strategic alliances with
many of the largest paper
mills in North America.
We sort, clean and
process all grades of
paper fiber.

Mixed Beverage Container

Recovery
To illustrate our commitment
to providing user friendly
recycling programs, Turtle
Island has the most effective
and unique mixed beverage
program in the area. Our
program focuses on
recovering the most material
with minimal effort or
confusion to the user

Disposal of solid waste.

Solid waste is a big problem
as it accumulates in
garbage dumps. There are
many ways of solid waste
disposal like*
-Sanitary landfill
-Composting
-Incinerating/Combustion
-Cutting down waste
generation
-Recycling

Disposal of liquid wastes.

*Many river near cities are
polluted .The cause is that all
industrial and domestic wastes
are dumped in them .This
causes much pollution and
harm to aquatic life forms.*

-Waste from industries :Much

of the industries waste
contains hazardous chemicals
which need to be treated
before discharge.
-Sewage disposal: Sewage
from most urban areas in
collected in sewers through
drains .
-Septic tanks : In places not
available ,septic tanks are
used .These are sealed
underground takes where
bacteria decompose sewage
from individual houses or small
areas.

Disposal of gaseous wastes

The gaseous wastes which are

most dangerous to people threaten
the life of animal and plants.
Carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide
and sulphur dioxide are some
gaseous waste released from
vehicles and industries . When
these gases get dissolved with
water vapour they cause acid rain
which destroys vegetation and
causes irritation of eyes and skin in
human beings and animal. It even
harms buildings .These gases also
cause health disorders.

*Hazards of gaseous emission.*

Factories are required by law

to install scrubbers and filters
in their chimneys that the
smoke they emit does not
contain harmful gases.
Electrostatic precipitators are
also used for the same
purpose .These trap dust
particles from exhaust gases of
industries using electricity.
Vehicles also have filters and
are requires by law to test their
efficiency regularly to curb
pollution.

To solve the problem of waste accumulation and to promote proper waste

management , all of us need to work together . This mean that the government
Public and even every individuals must cooperate .
Proper waste management also requires equipments and labour.
This needs money. So ,the methods of waste management vary from regions to
regions and country to country based on following factors.
1. Total amount of waste generated.
2.Types of waste generated.
3.Availability of funds.
4.Availability of labour and machines.
Basically waste management means collecting garbage, transferring it to the dump,
and disposing it in a clean , safe manner. You all must have observe dumpers
emptying dustbins / small dumps in your city and taking away the garbage.

For proper waste management , the government of a country should:

--Be aware of environmental and health hazards of improperly disposed waste.
--Make rules that promotes cleanliness in public places, streets , etc.
--Impose fines on littering and careless disposal of waste.
--Provide local bodies with proper funding.
--Provide modern techniques for safer waste collection and disposal.
--Spread public awareness about proper waste disposal and recycling .
--Sweepers and sanitary workers must be provided with proper equipment .
--Any public complaints regarding waste disposal in a locality should be
seriously and quickly handled.

If local communities do not cooperate with the government , even the best plans
will fail .Communities can do a lot for their country.
--They can help keep their locality clean.
--They can report any problem to relevant authorities in a responsible manner.
--They should not misuse/ destroy public property.
--They should be aware that the environment needs their protection.
--They can develop/construct small scale local purification plants or composting
pits that benefit the entire community.

A person is the building block of society .Every person should do his path. People
should always be ready to lend a helping hand for social welfare. Even we students
can help. For proper waste management people can do the following ;
--Every one should recycle what ever possible.
--Every one should separate biodegradable/not-biodegradable substances in
separate bins at home.
--Every one can maintain a compost pit ; otherwise 4-5 a families can do so
together .
--Children can separate awareness among elders .
--Garbage should not be burned .It pollutes the air . Besides, much of it can be
recycle .
--Dangerous wastes like batteries , cells , chemicals, etc. Should be disposed
separately and carefully.
So, for proper waste management , every single person should do his part.
If individuals do not do their part , communities cannot . And if communities fail ,
The plan of the government are useless . Same is the case with all social and
environmental issues. Therefore always remember to do your bit.

--Vibhuti
-- Aanchal
--Kanyaphat
--Sadanand
--Anmol
--Choe You Jin
--Ruchi
--Masooma
--Sneha

-- Masooma
--Sadanand
--Shanisra
--Kanyaphat
--Amra
--Sneha
--Mehak

Vibhuti , Ishna ,Muskaan , Anmol , Mehak , Sarika , Renuka , Maansi , Aanchal,

Somya, Himtaj , Choe You Chin , Krati , Shubhangi T , Shubhangi A , Ankita ,
Shanisra , Sneha , Amra ,