THE CESIUM PARITY VIOLATION EXPERIMENT IN PARIS:

Determination of E

PV
1

within 2x10

-13

eao

J. Guna, M. Lintz and M.-A. Bouchiat,

Dpartement de Physique de l'ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75 231 Paris cedex 05, FRANCE

PRINCIPLE OF THE EXPERIMENT

PRESENT RESULTS

EXCITATION AND DETECTION

HOW TO AMPLIFY THE PV EFFECTS?

see Ref.(5)

EVOLUTION OF THE RESULTS (7 different cells)

1 point:
400 PV data

PASSIVE AMPLIFICATION
Polarisation Magnifier at cell output :

1 point:
200 PV data

2002

Passive Amplification of the Polarisation Tilt

August
2004

2002

2003

dichroic component with axes x (transmission 1)

and y (transmission Ty << 1)
y

2004

E1

7w
eek
s

8m
on

ths

ty = 1/3
tx = 1

PVexp (rad)

Excited vapour gain axes are // (and ), not to exc but to

pv
pv

E
1 / E z
PV
exc+ exc^z : rotated from exc by an angle
10-6 rad,

acquisition time for S/N = 1 reduced by 12

cells

x3
x

But 9 x less photons detected :

photon shot noise also increased X 3 !

# 1, Ref. 1), S/N improved by 3.5

Since first
9% result (cell

: PV E1 6S-7S amplitude
interferes with
Ez : Stark induced E1 amplitude
PV:

Part
icle
.. .w
phy
itho
sics
ut a
.
..
ccel
erat
or!

To gain in S/N we increase the probe intensity

Noise reduction

How to make a polarisation magnifier ?

6 brewster plates... with no two surfaces parallel !
(interference + linear dichroism birefringence)

odd in Ez

6 wedged
silica plates

output probe polarn prout = prin + k PV prin^z

OUR GOAL: measurement of
E1PV with
precision
atomic
factor1%
(Cs
density, HFS,..)
as a cross check of the Boulder 1999 result

see Ref. (6)

A new independent measur of QW the weak charge of Cs nucleus

as a precise test of the electroweak theories (Standard Model and
extensions, e.g. extra dimensions, additional gauge bosons..)

and increased rep. rate 160Hz

Updated average result : PV = 0.950 0.025 rad

ACTIVE AMPLIFICATION

together with a 1% accurate Ez field in-situ determination from atomic

signals

POLARIMETRIC METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

... and CALIBRATION

...by the atomic medium itself!

agrees with PV = 0.962 0.005 rad, at 1.62 kV/cm

expected from Boulder result for E1PV//

Input probe polarisation parallel

to ex, rotates during propagation by
an angle k PV (k : atomic factor)

We extract a new determination of E

Excited vapour anisotropic amplifier

(: gain anisotropy)

PV
1

E1PV = (- 80.8 2.1) x 10 -13 eao

probe
polarimeter

exponential growth of both

for the 6S ,F=3 7S, F=4 hyperfine transition

probe intensity and left-right asymmetry vs. optical density

ALR 2 PV x [exp(A) -1]

S/N now adequate to reach 1% precision by

= 2 ( E1PV/Ez) x [exp(A) -1]

lengthening the acquisition time,

using last improved cesium cell (conductive windows, ref.7)

where A = Ln( Iout/ Iin) : optical density, Ez2

Polarimeter imbalance left-right asymmetry

ALR( PV) (SX-SY)/(SX+SY) = 2 k PV

PV

Exploiting further ALR amplification:

a new PV proposal in transverse E and B fields

ALR( cal) = 2 k cal

= [ALR( ) / ALR( )] .
PV

cal

Increase Ez at will? ... Not in practice :

high endcap potentials discharges at Ez > 2 kV/cm

Calibration: rotating ex by cal probe rotation k cal

see Ref.(4)

Advantages in transverse field configuration:

Larger excitation rate (involves scalar polarisability =10x),
Longer interaction length possible without discharges 0

cal

Selection criteria of the PV rotational invariant

-V1

V1

New cell design

to restore cylindrical symmetry by

-V2
V2

rotating E and B fields by 45 steps

0
-V1

V1

0,4s

New observable = PV excited-state orientation

probe circular dichroism, detected using circular analyser

0,8s
6s

Predicted quantum-noise limit is reduced by a factor of 10,

or even more in the triggered superradiant regime !

12s

possible design for a 0.1% statistical precision

2 mn

4 Polarization configurations : 0, 45, 90, 135

REFERENCES

1 PV data

cell input
(1)

IMPLEMENTATION of the EXPERIMENT

excitation
beam

probe
beam

"A New Manifestation of Atomic Parity Violation in Cesium: a Chiral Optical Gain induced by
linearly polarized 6S-7S Excitation" , J. Guna & al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 143001 (2003).

(2) "Cylindrical symmetry discrimination of magnetoelectric optical systematic effects in a pumpprobe atomic parity violation experiment , M-A. Bouchiat & al., Eur. Phys. J. D28, 331 (2004).
Dichroic
mirror

(3) "Prospects for forbidden-transition spectroscopy and parity violation measurements using a
beam of cold stable or radioactive atoms, S. Sanguinetti & al., Eur. Phys. J. D25, 3 (2003).
(4) "Proposal for high-precision Atomic Parity Violation measurements using amplification of the
asymmetry by stimulated emission in a transverse E and B fields pump-probe experiment, J.
Guna & al., JOSA B 22, 21 (2005).
(5) Measurement of the parity violating 6S-7S transition amplitude in cesium within 2x10 -13 atomic
unit accuracy by stimulated emission,
J.
Guna, M. Lintz, and M- A. Bouchiat, Phys. Rev. A.71, 042108 (2005). ArXiv:physics/0412017.
(6) Demonstration of an optical polarization magnifier with low birefringence, M. Lintz & al., Rev
Sci. Instr. 76, 4, 043102 (2005), arXiv:physics/0410044 .
(7) An alkali vapor cell with metal coated windows for efficient application of an electric field,
D. Sarkisyan & al., Rev. Sci. Instr., 76, 053108. ArXiv:physics/0504020
(8) Review Article: Atomic Parity Violation: Principles, Recent Results, Present Motivations,
J. Guna, M. Lintz, and M-A. Bouchiat, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 20,6, 375 (2005).
ArXiv:physics/0503143