Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

Determination of Soil Stiffness
Parameters
Short Course on Computational Geotechnics + Dynamics

Boulder, Colorado
January 5-8, 2004
Stein Sture
Professor of Civil Engineering
University of Colorado at Boulder
Contents
General concepts and stiffness of sand
Hookes law
E-moduli from triaxial testing
E-moduli from oedometer testing
Examples on the estimation of E
Stiffness of clays
Undrained clay behavior
Drained clay behavior
Examples on the estimation of E
Computational Geotechnics
Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
Idealized and real stressstrain behavior of soils
Idealizedtypesofstressstrainbehaviors:(a)nonlinearelastic
Model,(b)linearelasticmodel,and(c)elastoplasticmodel
Idealized and real stressstrain behavior of soils
Various types of elastoplastic behaviors: (a) strain hardening, (b)

perfectly plastic, (c) strain softening, and (d) combination of a to c .
Hookes Law of Isotropic

Elasticity
Hookes Law of Isotropic Elasticity
Standard Drained Triaxial Test on

Sand
Standard Drained Triaxial Test on

Sand
Oedometer Test on Sand

Hooke:
1
2
E
(1 2 ) Eoed Eoed
1
3
Loose:
E
2
150
ref
p
3
y
ref
p
E
2
500
ref
p
3
y
ref
p
Dense:
( 13 )

'
'y x 2 'x
K0
Loose:
E
2
x
x
150
150
p ref
3
p ref
p ref
Dense:
E
2
x
x
500
2
500 ref
ref
ref
p
3
p
p
Thisimplies:
E E 50
Summary on Stiffness Parameters:

Sand
(Laboratorybasedexperience)
E E 50
Loose:
2
E oed
3
13
150
ref
p
p
'
x
ref
Dense:
500
ref
p
p
'
x
ref
p ref 100kPa
EE
ref
'x
p ref
'x
Loose: E 15MPa ref
p
'
x
Dense: E 50MPa
p ref
Unloading:About4timesstiffer.small
Selection of Moduli for FEM-Computation

Example 1 (loading):
Layer1(extremelyloosesand
MohrCoulombmodel:
/
Layer1: y 0 70kPa
Average
'y 95kPa
ref
E 50
15MPa
'y 50kPa
'x 50kPa
E 50 15000
0.5 10000kPa
Selection of Moduli for FEM-Computation

Example 2 (unloading):
Layer 1 (dense): E 50 45MPa

ref
Unloading:
Layer 3 (medium):
Eurref 4 E50ref , 0.15
for both layers
Mohr-Coulomb
model:
Layer 1:
2 1.5 55kPa
'
y
E 4 45000
Layer 3:
'x 10kPa
E 50ref 30MPa
'
27.5
100
'x 27.5kPa
95000kPa
E 4 30000 0.10 38000kPa
Eoed from Cone Penetration Test in

Sands
Cone Resistance:
qc
Correlation: E oed qc
Literature
NC-Sand: = 1 to 3
Vermeers
Experience: = 3
Alternatively: Eoed (30 10) qc p ref
Undrained Triaxial Test on

Clay
15000Cu
Ip%
Normallyconsolidatedclay:
E u50
Cu=undrainedshearstrength(orSu)
E u50 3G50
Idealized and real stress-strain

behavior of soils
Idealized and real stress-strain

behavior of soils
Plate Loading Tests
Duncan&Buchignani(1976)
Plate Loading Tests
Summary on Stiffness Parameters:

Clay
Undrained Conditions
Do not use empirical relationships only. Get good quality experimental data from lab tests, cone
penetration tests and vane tests
Drained Behavior for Clays
Drained Behavior for Clays

Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

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Determination of Soil Stiffness

Short Course on Computational Geotechnics + Dynamics