HMD5032

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN

KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA

PASIR MAS, KELANTAN

INSTRUCTIONAL
AIMS
In the end of this topic, all students will be
able to;
1. Explain about the definition of pressure vessel.
2. List out the shape of pressure vessel.
3. Explain about the classification of pressure vessel.
4. State type, pressure vessel nature and function
5. Know about a factor should be consider in selecting
material.
6. Explain about the failure will be occur into pressure
vessel.

INTRODUCTION
In generally, pressure vessel is
designed according to ASME codes,
section VIII, division 1.
Design pressure vessel should be
consider with high spec of safety factor
and the rule as per ASME requirement.
Also it should be consider all external
loads

INTRODUCTION (Cont..)
The formula to find vessel thickness
and maximum allowable working
pressure can obtained from ASME.
Generally, pressure vessel is a large
diameter pipe and it will have an
internal and an external components.

INTRODUCTION (Cont..)
Pressure vessel can be classified into
several shapes which that are:
1. Cylindrical pressure vessel
2. Spherical pressure vessel
3. Rectangular pressure vessel

Customary pressure vessel used to keep

petrol whether it is leaded or unleaded.

CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE
VESSEL

SPHERICAL PRESSURE VESSEL

RECTANGULAR PRESSURE
VESSEL

DEFINITION
Was one reservoir which
possess different pressure
compared its atmospheric
pressure and content liable
liquid, gas or semi liquid.

CLASSIFICATION OF
PRESSURE VESSEL
Pressure vessel may be classed to several
category which it is based on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Vessel thickness.
Vessel geometrical shape.
End construction of pressure vessel.
Pressure will be imposed to vessel.
Material used.
Usage

TYPES OF PRESSURE
VESSEL
Pressure vessel can be divided into
4 types which every type differ
according to his use.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Fractionating Tower
Reflux Accumulator
Reactor
Separator

PRESSURE VESSEL
NATURE AND FUNCTION
FRACTIONATING TOWER
It is cylindrical vessel and have total
length measurement 100 feet or over.
Having a lot of rating trays in the
vessel.
Function as fragmentation processing
place products. For example
petroleum.

PRESSURE VESSEL
NATURE AND FUNCTION
(Cont..)
No chemical substance change
happening during fragmentation
process carried out.
Occurrence of different temperature
in every tray level where it its depend
to product type wish to be produced.

FRACTIONATING TOWER

FRACTIONATING TOWER

PRESSURE VESSEL
NATURE AND FUNCTION
(Cont..)
REFLUX ACCUMULATOR
Also known as Overhead
Accumulator.
It is cylindrical pressure vessel.
It will use to collect overhead
product from a fractionating
tower.

REFLUX
ACCUMULATOR

REFLUX
ACCUMULATOR

PRESSURE VESSEL
NATURE AND FUNCTION
(Cont..)
REACTOR (REAKTOR)
Usually use in chemical industry.
The shaped of reactor is cylindrical or
sometimes it will spherical vessel.
Contain active catalyst to carry out
chemical reaction.
Reactor can be use to change molecules
or structure of fluid.

REACTOR

REACTOR

REACTOR PROCESS

PRESSURE VESSEL
NATURE AND FUNCTION
(Cont..)
SEPARATOR (PEMISAH)
It is cylindrical vessel as a horizontal
or vertical vessel.
Function to separate vapour from
liquid and also to separate liquid
content from liquid density different.

SEPARATOR

SEPARATOR

SEPARATOR

PRESSURE VESSEL
MATERIAL

May be classed to 2 types of

material namely:

Carbon Steel
eg; SA240 GR.50, SA240 GR.55

Stainless Steel
eg; SA240 SS310, SA240 SS340

MATERIAL SELECTION FACTOR

Suitability with his use.

Comply with ASME's needed (Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Codes).
Manufacturing cost.
Easy to obtain material.

FAILURE FACTOR ON
PRESSURE VESSEL
It can divided into 3 failure type
where it its often happen on a
pressure vessel.
Corrosion Failure
Stress Failure
Defective Material

FAILURE FACTOR ON
PRESSURE VESSEL (Cont..)
Corrosion Failure
This failure was brought by corrosion
which occurred to pressure vessel.
Body thickness of pressure vessel will
decrease during sand blasting process.

FAILURE FACTOR ON
PRESSURE VESSEL (Cont..)
Stress Failure
This failure was brought by condition
of substance experience recurring
pressure and exceeding his limit.
Strength of material will be decrease
and will not be able to accommodate
high pressures.

FAILURE FACTOR ON
PRESSURE VESSEL (Cont..)
Defective Material
This failure was brought by condition
of substance suffer damage during
process fabrication.
Material suffer damage undetectable
during screening process carried out.

QUESTION
1. List out 3 shapes of pressure vessel.
Cylindrical
Spherical
Rectangular

2. List out 2 of pressure vessel types.

Reactor
Separator
Accumulator
Fractionating Tower

END OF CHAPTER 1
THANK YOU