WORK(W)

The work done by a constant

force acting in the same
direction as the
displacement.
W = Fs (N-m or Joules)

The work done by a constant

force acting at an angle to the
displacement.
W = Fscos

WORK(W)

WORK(W)

WORK(W)
Example 1.

WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)

Consider

Newtons 2nd Law of Motion

F ma x

Kinematics

v 22 v12 2a x s
v 22 v12
ax
2s

v 22 v12
F m
2s
v 22 v12
Fs m
2
1
1
2
Fs mv 2 mv12
2
2

WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)

WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)

WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)

Consider

1
mv 2 Kinetic Energy(K) - energy due to motion.
2
So, WORK-ENERGY
THEOREM

W K 2 K1
or

W K

If v1 = 0
Then K1 = 0, so

1
W K 2 mv 22
2

Kinetic energy is also the amount

of work needed to bring a body
at rest to motion with speed v .

WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)

Example 2.
A baseball leaves a pitchers hand at a speed of 32 m/s. The
mass of the baseball is 0.145kg. You can ignore air
resistance. How much work has the pitcher done on the ball
by throwing it?
Example 3.
Consider Example 1, the given and computed quantities.
Suppose the initial speed v1 is 2 m/s, what is the speed of the
sled after it moves 20 m?

WORK(W) DONE BY A VARYING FORCE(F)

W F ds Fds cos

Example 4.

POWER(P)
- The rate of doing work.
Instantaneous Power

W Joules
P
or Watts
sec
t

F s
P
F v
t
P F v
Average Power

P F v ave

POWER(P)
Example 6.
When its 75-kW (100-hp) engine is generating full power a
small single-engine airplane with mass 700 kg gains altitude
at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What fraction of the engine power is
being used to make the airplane climb? (The remainder is
used to overcome the effects of air resistance and of
ineffeciencies in the propeller and engine.)

WORK(W) & GRAVITATIONAL

POTENTIAL ENERGY(Ug)
Consider a body moving
downward

W grav W w w s
Since weight w & displacement s
have the same direction, work done
by the weight is positive. So it has to
be:

W grav w y1 y2 mgy1 mgy 2

mgy Gravitational Potential
Energy (Ug)

So,

W grav U g1 U g 2 U g 2 U g1
or

W grav U g

WORK(W) & GRAVITATIONAL

POTENTIAL ENERGY(Ug)
Consider a body moving
upward

W grav W w w s
Since weight w & displacement s
have the opposite direction, work
done by the weight is negative. So,
still, it has to be:

W grav w y1 y2 mgy1 mgy 2

mgy Gravitational Potential
Energy (Ug)

So,

W grav U g1 U g 2 U g 2 U g1
or

W grav U g

WORK(W) & GRAVITATIONAL

POTENTIAL ENERGY(Ug)
Consider a body moving in a
curved path

From,
W F s

W grav w j y j x i

Since,

j j 1 &

W grav

j i 0

w j y j w y

W grav w y2 y1
W grav mgy 2 mgy1
Still,

W grav U g 2 U g1
or

W grav U g

WORK(W) & ELASTIC POTENTIAL

ENERGY(Uel)
Recall:

Work done on the spring by

Fapplied is:

W F ds Fdx
x2

W k x dx
x1

Fapplied = kx

x2

x
W k

x1
1 2 1 2
W kx2 kx1
2
2
2

WORK(W) & ELASTIC POTENTIAL

ENERGY(Uel)
N3LM:

Recall N3LM :
Fspring Fapplied = kx

Fspring Fapplied kx

So, Work done by the spring:

Wspring

1 2 1 2
kx1 kx2
2
2

1 2
kx Elastic Potential
2
Energy (Uel)

Fspring

W spring U el 1 U el 2
W spring U el 2 U el 1

Fspring
or,

W spring U el

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Recall WORK-ENERGY THEOREM:

W grav

Wtotal K K 2 K1
Wel Wother K 2 K1

U grav U el Wother K 2 K1
or

U Wother K 2 K1

U 2 U1 Wother K 2 K1
U1 K1 Wother U 2 K 2
If Wother = 0, the Total Mechanical Energy(U + K) of a body at
any point is constant!

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Example 7.
A 2.00 kg block is pushed against a spring with negligible
mass and force constant k = 400 N/m, compressing it
0.220m. When the block is released, it moves along a
frictionless, horizontal surface and then up a frictionless
incline with slope 37o. a) What is the speed of the block as it
slides along the horizontal surface after having left the
spring? b) How far does the block travel up the incline
before starting to slide back down?

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Example 8.
In a truck-loading station at a post office, a small 0.200-kg
package is released from rest at point A on a track that is
one-quarter of a circle with radius 1.60 m, as shown below.
The size of the package is much less than 1.60 m, so the
package can be treated as a particle. It slides down the track
and reaches point B with a speed of 4.80 m/s. From point B,
it slides on a level surface a distance of 3.00 m to point C,
where it comes to rest. a) What is the coefficient of kinetic
friction on the horizontal surface? b) How much work is
done on the package by friction as it slides down the circular
arc from A to B?
A

3.00 m
B