Horn Antenna

Muhammad Usama Qureshi

Furqan Shoukat
Muhammad Hashim Hussain

Introduction to Antennas
An antenna is a device that is used to transmit
and/or receive an electromagnetic wave.
The antenna itself can always transmit or
receive, but it maybe used for only one of
these functions.
Examples:
Cell-phone antenna (transmit and receive)
Wireless LAN antenna (transmit and receive)
FM radio antenna (receive only)
Satellite dish antenna (receive only)

Main properties of antennas

Radiation pattern
Directivity (how directional the beam is)
Efficiency (power radiated relative to total input power)
Polarization (linear, CP)
Input Impedance
Bandwidth (the useable frequency range)

Types of Antennas
Antenna tower a tall tower designed to support antennas (also
known as aerials in the UK) for telecommunications and broadcasting.
Dipole antenna a simple antenna usually constructed from two wires
in opposite phases placed end to end.
Directional antenna or beam antenna, radiates greater power
primarily in one direction.
Horn antenna a type of directional antenna shaped like a horn.
Omni directional antenna an antenna system which radiates power
uniformly in all directions in one plane.
Parabolic antenna an antenna shaped like a parabola in one or both
planes.
Power antenna (automotive)A power antenna is an electrically
motorized automotive radio antenna that raises and lowers either
manually with a dash-mounted switch or automatically by turning the
radio on or off.

Horn Antenna

It

acts like a loudspeaker for electromagnetic waves.

High bandwidth
Moderate directivity
Commonly used at microwave frequencies and
above
Often used as a feed for a reflector antenna

 The horn is nothing more than a hollow pipe of

different cross sections, which has been tapered
(flared) to a larger opening. An electromagnetic horn
can take many different forms, four of which

 The radiation from the aperture

antennas,
such
as
open-ended
waveguides and horn antennas, can
be rigorously calculated from the
current distributions on the inside
wall and the exterior surface of the
aperture-antenna.

E-Plane view

Directivity
The directivity of the H-plane sectoral horn is
calculated by the general directivity expression
for apertures.

The integral in the denominator is proportional to

the total radiated power,

Directivity
The directivity of the E-plane sectoral horn is
found in a manner analogous to the H-plane
sectoral horn:

where

Directivity
The directivity of the pyramidal horn can be
found by introducing the phase efficiency factors
of both planes and the taper efficiency factor of
the H-plane

where

Efficiency
The antenna efficiency (or radiation efficiency) can
be written as the ratio of the radiated power to the
input power of the antenna:

The total efficiency of an antenna is the radiation

efficiency multiplied by the impedance mismatch
loss of the antenna, when connected to a
transmission line or receiver (radio or transmitter).

where ML is the antenna's loss due to impedance

mismatch.

Gain
Antenna Gaindescribes how much power is
transmitted in the direction of peak radiation to
that of an isotropic source.

Other types of Horn

Antenna

Multimode Horns
Corrugated Horns
Hog Horns
Biconical Horns
Dielectric Horns etc