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MANAGEMENT
Deepak Sharma
Arpit
Mittal
COST VOLUME PROFIT
Examines the behavior of total revenues, total costs, and operating
income as changes occur in the output level, selling price, variable
costs or fixed costs.
CVP analysis is a managerial tool showing the relationship between
various ingredients of profit planning, cost (FC & VC), selling price,
and volume of activity.
CVP analysis is an important tool of profit planning. It provides
information about following matters:
1.Behaviour of cost in relation to volume.
2.Volume of production or sales, where business will break
even.
3.Sensitivity of profit due to variations in output.
4.Amount of profit for projected sales volume.
5.Quantity of production & sales for target profit level.
IMPORTANCE
It helps in forecasting profit fairly accurately.
It is helpful in setting up flexible budgets, since on the basis of this
relationship, it can ascertain the cost, sales and profits at different
levels of activity.
It also assists us in performance evaluation for purposes of
management control.
It helps in formulating price policy by projecting the effect which
different cost structures will have on cost and profits.
It help in determining amount of overhead cost to be charged at
various levels of operations, since overhead rates are generally
predetermined on the basis of selected volume of production.
•
CVP ASSUMPTIONS
1.
2. Revenues change in relation to production and sales
3. Costs can be divided in variable and fixed categories.
4. Revenues and costs behave in a linear fashion.
5. costs and prices are known.
6. if more than one product exists, the sales mix is
constant.
7. we can ignore the time value of money.
•
CVP FORMULA
BREAK EVEN POINT
Cost-Volume-Profit
Graph
B re a ke ve n To ta lre ve n u e s
10,000 lin e
Po in t
8,000 To ta lco sts
lin e
6,000
O p e ra tin g
in co m e
4,000
2,000
O p e ra tin g
lo ss
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
U n its S o ld
Leverage
LEVERAGE
S A LE S R E V E N U E E B IT
M in u s(-) V A R IA B LE C O S T M in u s(-) IN T E R E S T
= CONTRIBUTION = PROFIT BEFORE TAX
M in u s(-) FIX E D C O S T M in u s(-) TA X
=EBIT = PROFIT AFTER TAX
TYPES OF LEVERAGE
FINACIAL LEVERAGE
OPERATING LEVERAGE
COMBINED LEVERAGE