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P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
g o 101325
p1 (1 ) p 2
1
.
293
P
av
Pa
where f h = ratio of fly ash in flue gas to total ash in the fuel
A = ash content of working mass, %
Vg = average volume of gas from furnace to dust collector
calculated from the average excess air ratio, Nm3/kg of fuel
The pressure drop from the balance point of the furnace to the chimney
base is
prest = pexit + pgas pnd
where pexit = pressure drop up to the boiler outlet
Draught Losses
Total losses
p
Furnace, SH & RH Losses
Economizer Losses
Ducts & dampers losses
Percent Boiler Rating
Total losses
p
Burner Losses
APH Losses
Ducts & dampers losses
Percent Boiler Rating
Duct APH
Duct
Furnace
Back
pass
Duct
APH
ESP
Duct
FD
Fan
Duct
ID
Fan
Chimney
Pressure Variation
Pressure (Pa)
1500
1000
500
0
-500
FD Fan Duct
1
SCAPH
3
Boiler
Duct Wind
Box
Duct APH
6
APH
9
ESP ID Fan
10
-1000
-1500
-2000
Path Element
Calculated (168 MW)
11
12
Duct APH
Duct
Furnace
Back
pass
Duct
APH
ESP
Duct
FD
Fan
Duct
ID
Fan
Chimney
Flue gas
constituents
CO2
Partial
pressure at
136 C in kPa
Enthalpy* at
136 C (KJ/kg)
Mass flow
rate of each
constituent
at 136 C
( kg/s)
Mass flow
rate of each Total thermal
constituent at
power
Enthalpy*at
49.74 C
released
49.74 C KJ/kg
( kg/s)
(MW)
16.37
606.32
3.69075
527.85
3.69
0.2895
O2
1.11
374.43
72.9572
294
72.9
5.8678
N2
68.14
425
193.303
335.09
193.3
17.3797
S02
0.036
487
0.23413
430.55
0.2341
0.0132
H20
13.36
2752
32.8694
2591
30.444
11.576
35.1270
Flue gas
constitue
nts
Mass flow
rate of
each
Partial
constituen
pressure at Enthalpy* at t at 136 C (
136 C in kPa 136 C (KJ/kg)
kg/s)
Enthalpy at
0 C (kJ/Kg)
Mass
flow rate
at 0 C
( kg/s)
Total thermal
power
released (MW)
CO2
16.366209
606.32
3.69075
485.83
3.69
0.444698
O2
1.138404
374.43
72.9572
248.35
72.95
9.198452
N2
68.142138
425
193.303
283.32
193.3
27.38828
S02
0.036081
487
0.23413
399.58
0.2341
0.020468
H20
13.363218
2752
32.8694
2501
90.45671
127.5086
Model Experimentation
Experimental validation
Flue Gas heat exchanger measured data:
DATE
FLUE
FLUE
FLUE
WATER
WATER
GAS
GAS
GAS
I/L
O/L TO
I/L JUST I/L
O/L
TO HEAT
HEAT
OUTSID TO HEAT TO HEAT EXCHAN EXCHAN
E ID
EXCHAN EXCHAN
GER
GER
DUCT
GER
GER
Temp C
1.2.10
1.2.10
2.2.10
2.2.10
103
105
121
121
60
65
69
82
30
32
31
32
29
31
30
31
30
32
31
32
DP
WATE
R
FLOW
QTY.
OF
WATER
CONDEN
SED
cm
WC
5
5
5
4.2
LPM
lt. /Hr.
12
10
12
12
1.1
0.9
1.1
1
p (cm)
5
5
5
4.2
Density (kg/m3)
60
65
69
82
1.051754
1.036203
1.024089
0.986604
0.007159
0.007106
0.007065
0.006355
MESURED
CONDENSATE
KG/HR
1.1
0.9
1.1
1
MESURED
Condensate
CONDENSATE
loading (gms/kg of
G/SEC
gas)
0.305556
42.67864
0.25
35.17994
0.305556
43.25126
0.277778
43.70829
Furnace Draught
The Control
Furnace (draft) pressure control is used in balanced draft
furnaces in order to regulate draft pressure.
Draft pressure is affected by both the FD and ID fans.
The FD fan is regulated by the combustion control loop,
and its sole function is to provide combustion air to satisfy
the firing rate.
The ID fan is regulated by the furnace pressure control
loop and its function is to remove combustion gases at a
controlled rate such that draft pressure remains constant.