Structural Dynamics - ESA

322
Vibration and Noise EMM342
Dr Norizham Abdul Razak
Lecture 10
30/3/2015

Todays lecture overview

Tutorial
Review Quiz 3
Review Quiz 2
Assignment question

Test tips
Test question example

The Big picture

Multi Degree of Freedom

Numerical Method

Test - 1
ESA 322 & EMM342

Date : 08 April 2015Wednesday

Venue : Makmal CAD,
PPKM
Do not be late!

Quiz 3 Q1
Give two examples each of the bad and the
good effects of vibration?
Bad

Noise
Structural failure
Affects precision machining
Uncomfortable
Health issues

Good
Haptic feedback (control joystick etc)
Conveyor transport
Massage

Quiz 3 Q2
What are the three elementary
parts of a vibrating system?
Mass/ momment of inertia (storing the
kinetic energy)
Stiffness (restoring force)
Damper (dissipates energy)

Quiz 3 Q3
What are the common types of damping?
Viscous damping

moving with a velocity v is slowed down by a force proportional to

velocity through viscous effect. Fast moving objects therefore
encounter large forces, while slowly moving objects encounter only
small forces. The direction of the force is always to oppose the
direction of velocity.

Coulomb damping

Friction converts kinetic energy into thermal energy or heat.

Energy is absorb via sliding friction. The friction generated by the
relative motion of the two surfaces that press against each other

Hysterisis damping

Energy is loss within the moving structure itself. Some of the

energy involved in the repetitive internal deformation and
restoration to original shape is dissipated in the form of random
vibrations of the crystal lattice in solids and random kinetic energy.

Quiz 3 Q4
What is the meaning of stiffness?
Rigidity of an object
the extent to which it resists
deformation in response to an applied
force.

Quiz 3 Q5

Draw the free body diagram of both masses

Derive the equation of motion of the system.
Determine the characteristic equation
Calculate the eigenvalues given the mass, m=2.0kg and
the spring stiffness, k = 8N/m
Calculate and draw the eigenvectors.

Quiz 2
1. In your own words, explain what the
figures shown below represent for a SDOF
vibration system.

15

Quiz 2
Figure on the left represent
the relationship between
magnification factor and the frequency ratio for
undamped forced vibration of an sdof system. The
frequency ratio is defined as the ratio between excitation
frequency to the natural frequency.
The plot can be broken into 3 sub region. The first region is
where the frequency ratio is less than 1. In this region the
magnification factor is always positive as the frequency ratio
approaches the value of 1. It represents the motion of the
system is in phase with the applied external force. The
second region is where the frequency ratio is equal greater
than 1. In this region, the value of the magnification factor is
negative. It depicts the out of phase motion between the
excitation force and the system motion.

Quiz 2
Figure on the right represent a plot of frequency
ratio and the amplitude response of an undamped
sdof system undergoing oscillation harmonic
excitation. Similarly it can be divided into 3
regions. First region is when the frequency ratio is
less than unity. Here, the amplitude response is
increasing as frequency ration increases. 2nd
region is when the amplitude is decreasing as the
frequency ratio is increasing.
The third region is when the frequency ratio is
equal to one. When this occur, theoretically the
amplitude can reach to infinite value. This is not
possible in real life as the structure or system will
be destroyed/damaged before infinite amplitude

2 DOF Free Vibration

Assignment (1): submission date: 23rd mac
2015

Tips
Study all the topics that I have taught.
Many topics will be asked in the final as well.

Lecture notes are just supplement.

Go and find more information from other sources

Do as many exercises as you can

Draw FBD
Derived EOM
Solved problems

Memorized important equations and procedures.

Memorized important definition and plots

How test question looks

like

Not like this

Figure shows a damped vibration system. The mass
can oscillate horizontally. You must:
Sketch a dynamic free body diagram of the
system.
Derive the equation of motion of the system.
What is the period of each oscillation in terms
of the system parameters( m,k,c)?

Answer
.

There is still
enough time to
study for the
test!