Federico Leo Redi

Examples of searches
for New Physics in the
LHCb group.
Imperial College Student Seminar.

Outline
Semileptonic

decays at LHCb:

BD(*) analysis theoretical framework.

Previous measurements and SM predictions.
Analysis status and prospects.

Majorana

Neutrinos at LHCb and SHiP:

An inclusive search for Majorana Neutrinos.

A proposed new experiment to explore the

hidden sector: SHiP.

Validating MonteCarlo for SHiP.

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Federico Leo Redi

Standard Model success

Triumph

of SM, Higgs found.

But so far no sign of susy
Bs found and congruent with SM expectation.
Higgs mass is fine tuned? Vacuum might be either
stable or with lifetime>lifetime(universe).
SM may work successfully up to Planck scale, i.e. no need
for a new mass scale (SUSY).
SM fails to explain:
Matter anti-matter asymmetry in universe.
Neutrino mixingmasses.
Non-baryonic dark matter.

Would

be good to find some simple and elegant solution

ENTIA NON SUNT MULTIPLICANDA PRAETER NECESSITATEM

entites must not be multiplied beyondnecessity
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Federico Leo Redi

LHCb analysis example

BD(*)

is a semitauonic decay. High mass of

means the weak decay could be mediated by non
SM particles, i.e. a charged Higgs.
We are expecting lepton universality: same
topology for BD(*). Branching fraction can be
experimentally determined.
Theoretical predictions are very accurate. On the
other hand experimental precision is poor.
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Federico Leo Redi

Previous results and SM

Belle2007
BaBar 2008
Belle2009
Belle2010
BaBar 2012

0.2

0.4

0.6

R(D)

We

0.8

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

R(D*)

want to measure:

SM

expectations:
Experimental results reported by both BaBar and
Belle are in tension with SM.
BaBar results have a tension of 3.4 from SM.
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Federico Leo Redi

Challenges
Two

different approaches:

Our

approach uses the channel. We

therefore do not have a clear peak, need
additional information:
We use two multivariate analysis: one to isolate

tracks and one on flight time.

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Federico Leo Redi

Multivariate analysis
No

clear peak: we need to trust our MVA.

Isolation MVA is used to reduce the contribution from background which
contains additional reconstructible charged tracks.
Isolation MVA determine whether a track originates from the same B
meson as the B candidate (associated tracks) or from anywhere else in
the decay.
One can then use MVA output to discriminate between the two
contributions

AAAA

Unassociated like tracks

AAAA
AAAA
AAAA
Associated like tracks
AAAA
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Federico Leo Redi

Kinematic reweight:
B+ J/K+

B+ J/K+
MC is reweighted to match kinematic
distributions of data.
These are examples of 1D and 2D reweight.
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Federico Leo Redi

BDT output: B+ J/K+

B+ J/K+

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Federico Leo Redi

Events

Kinematic reweight:
B + D * +
0.004

Data
weighted MC
No wwight MC

0.18

Data
weighted MC
No wwight MC

0.0035

0.16
0.14

0.003

0.12

0.0025

0.1

0.002

0.08

0.0015

0.06
0.001

0.04

0.0005

0.02
0
0

10

12

14

16

18

0
0

100

200

300

Occupancy

400

500

600

SPD Occupancy

B+ D*+

MC is reweighted to match kinematic

distributions of data.
These are examples for 1D weights. We also used 2D weights.
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Events

BDT output: B+ D*+

Data
weighted MC
No wwight MC

1.8
1.6

B+ D*+

1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-1
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-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

Federico Leo Redi - LHCb UK Bristol

0.4

0.6

0.8

Isolation BDT

11

Conclusion
In

the decay SM and experimental

results are in great tension.
No other experiment is in our
position to tackle this measurement
as for now.
Analysis note is out and waiting for
comments.
Extensive use of BDT could introduce
non-negligible systematic
uncertainty.
Further investigation is required.

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Federico Leo Redi

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Analysis status
Two

independent fitter share the analysis

strategy (one developed at IC).
All major backgrounds are modelled with data.
No external input used, all done solely with
LHCb data and MC.
Analysis is still fully blinded but we are
expecting a competitive result w.r.t. B-factories.
The analysis is in the process of being approved
by the Working Group. It will then be circulated
to the entire collaboration and probably be
presented in Moriond QCD conference.

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Federico Leo Redi

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Previous search in LHCb

After

finishing this analysis new ideas have been discussed. Searching

for Majorana Neutrinos looked like a good idea.
Recently there has been a lot of activity in the theory community
about new models that require Majorana Neutrino.
LHCb impressively managed to be competitive in the past in searching
for Majorana Neutrinos. It has done so using three decays.
Previous papers by LHCb:
LHCb-ANA-2011-086: Search for Majorana neutrinos in LHCb [0.41 invfb]
LHCb-ANA-2013-083: Searches for Majorana neutrinos in B + decay at

LHCb [3 invfb].

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Federico Leo Redi - Imperial College LHCb Days

14

B+
Better

then a) and c) because it does notrequire reconstruction of D

meson
But it is Vubsuppress.
Also it requires same sign muon: half signal.
Trigger efficiency is low because it requires the N to be short lived (1000ps).

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Federico Leo Redi

15

Our idea
Our

idea is different. We want to reconstruct also the hadrons produced by the decay.
We will not require the same sign muon (allowing not only short lived N to enter the
game).
In this scenario we still have V ub . Suppresed.
Pi and rho are of course neutral we can reconstruct only one of the pions to which rho
decays and

mu
N

nu
pi

Vub

ubar, dbar
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u
pi, rho
ubar, dbar

Federico Leo Redi

16

Our idea
We

can do something similar in the case of V cb . Les suppressed.

Again we can reconstruct only the two muons and the two pions. This
opens the possibility of doing an inclusive search.
This could be done with new data that will come later this year or 3
invfb of data already collected.

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Federico Leo Redi

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MSM: M.Shaposhnikov
Adding three right-handed Majorana
Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL): N1, N2
and N3:
N1 can provide dark matter
candidate
N1,2,3 can provide neutrino
masses via Seesaw mechanism
N2,3 can induce
leptogenesisbaryogenes [PL B620
(2005) 17]

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Federico Leo Redi

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Spectrometer

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Detector concept
Reconstruction

of the HNL decays in the final states: mupi+, mu-rho+ & e-rho+.
Therefore need long decay vessel, magnetic spectrometer,
muon detector and electromagnetic calorimeter.

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Federico Leo Redi SHiP Thursday meeting Validating our MC

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What is FairSHiP?
FairShip

is our main instrument to

optimize performance of the SHiP
experiment.
It is important that we can trust our
MC and that we know at which level
we can do so.
We therefore need a validation
strategy for FairShip.
A good idea was to try and find a
similar experiment which collected

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Federico Leo Redi

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What is CHARM?
CHARM

experiment had a similar configuration of the

beam line to SHiP.
It was located after SPS.
Proton on copper target followed by hadron stopper
and iron shield for muons.
Several SSD plates installed at various distances from
the target to measure muon flux.
It looked reasonable to try to reproduce the data they
collected:
Muon flux,
Muon momentum.

This

could give us confidence in our MC simulation

and/or suggest where we could improve.

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Federico Leo Redi

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CHARM beam line

They perform measurements of muon flux at each pit up to 5.
We have therefore simulated up and excluding the magnet.
SSD plates

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Federico Leo Redi

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Longitudinal dimensions

They have SSD plates mounted in only 5

pits because of momentum of muons.
At pit4, for example, muons have already
traversed 65 m of Fe and 6 m of Cu, at pit5
6/14/15
Redi of Cu.
89 m of FeFederico
andLeo6m

25

B+
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6/14/15

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Federico Leo Redi

GD(

26

B+
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6/14/15

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GG( 27

FairSHiP simulation
We

have used four combinations of generators:

EMX vs EMV: Different EM generators, EMV has a

known bias but is quicker, EMX is slower but gives

more correct results.
QGS vs FTF: Different QCD string model. FTF should
be more versatile, covers many particle types, larger
energy range.
We

are not expecting very may electrons and

mainly at first pit because of energy at which we
are operating.
We have calculated the number of muon
recorded by each track per 107 proton on target.
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Federico Leo Redi

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Results

Will go on Technical Proposal

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Federico Leo Redi

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Conclusions
IC

contribution to the LHCb collaboration

has been proven to be big.
Active on many sides, some of which not
mention in our talk.
LHCb physics case is complementary to
general purpose detectors activities and
we are also active on activities
complementary to LHC searches [SHiP].
IC is therefore able to be a key player
covering basically the whole CERN
accelerating physics studies.
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Federico Leo Redi

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QUID HIC? INTUERI NATURAM.

QUO MUNERE? CURIOSUM ESSE.
Why are you here? To understand Nature.
Why so? Because I am curious.

Thanks
6/14/15

Federico Leo Redi

31

e properties of the track, and the properties of the candidate B

fitted to include the track that is considered. Long tracks, VELO
ks areall included, in order to find themaximumpossiblenumber
s MVA is applied to each track in the event, and the tracks with
ated-track like) MVA output are considered for further analysis.

Backup

Track properties:
I P 2P V
I P 2SV
pT
cos(D () ,track)
Vertex properties:
F D 2
F D 2

ble 8: Input variables for the isolation MVA

using associated tracks taken from the D D decay in

events, and using unassociated tracks taken from simulated
6/14/15
Federico Leo Redi
- LHCb UK
Bristol B candidates are
th the
signal decay excluded.
In both
cases,

32