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Antioxidan
ts
Presented by
G. Anvesh Kumar(M Pharm Pharmacology)
10T21S0103.
Under the guidance of
Mrs. Geeta Reddy(Dept of
Biotechnology)
Anantioxidantisamolecule
capableofinhibiting
theoxidationofothermolecules.
Oxidationisachemical
reactionthattransferselectronsor
hydrogenfromasubstanceto
anoxidizingagent.
Oxidationreactionscan
producefreeradicals.Inturn,
theseradicalscanstartchain
reactions.
Types of FreeRadicals
1. Hydroxyl radical (OH)
2. Superoxide anion radical (O2)
3.Singletoxygen
4. Hydrogen peroxide
5. Lipid peroxyl free radical
6. Nitric oxide
7. Alkoxyl radical
8. Peroxynitrite
ROS Generation
ROS Generation in the
Mitochondria:
Hydroxyl radical (OH)
Superoxide anion radical
(O2)
Non mitochondrial Generation of
ROS:
Hydrogen peroxide
ROS are also introduced through external sources
such as exposure to the sun orpollution.
Other mediums include stress, as well as things
that people put into their bodies, such as alcoholic
beverages, unhealthy foods, and cigarette smoke
Types of antioxidants:
Mainly Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic
Antioxidant enzymes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Catalase
Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione reductase
Super oxide dismutase (both Cu-Zn and Mn)
2. Ferritin
3. Lactoferrin
4. Metallotheinein
5. Transferrin
6. Hemoglobin
7.Myoglobin
Commonantioxidants(scavengers)
1. Bilirubin
2. Carotenoids
a. Beta-carotene
c. Beta-cryptoxanthin
e. Zeaxanthin
b. Alpha-carotene
d. Lutein
f. Lycopene
3. Flavonoids
a. Quercetin
b. Rutin
c. Catechin
4. Uric acids
5. Thiols (R-SH)
6. Coenzyme Q10
7. Vitamin A, C, E,
D.
Others antioxidants
1. Copper
2.glutathione(GSH)
3. Alpha lipoic acid
4.Manganise
5. Selenium
6. Zinc
Mechanism of action of
antioxidants
Alpha tocopherol (vitamin E):
Beta Carotene
Ability to quench singlet oxygen, scavenge free radicals and
protect the cell membrane lipids from the harmful effects of
oxidative degradation .
Pro-oxidant activities
Determining
Antioxidant
Activity
ORAC, Oxygen Radical
Absorbance Capacity method
TRAP, Total Radical-Trapping Antioxidant Parameter method.
TEAC,
Trolox
Equivalent
Antioxidant
Oxyradical
Scavenging
Capacity method
DPPH
TOSC,
Total
Capacity method
PSC, Peroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacity
method
FRAP, Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power method.
Health effects:
Disease treatment
Disease prevention
Physical exercise
Adverse effects
Benefits of
antioxidants:
Destroythefreeradicalsthatdamagecells.
Promotethegrowthofhealthycells.
Protectcellsagainstpremature,abnormalaging.
Helpfightage-relatedmaculardegeneration.
Provideexcellentsupportforthebodysimmunesystem,makingit
aneffectivediseasepreventative.
No Matter What Your AgeYou Need Antioxidants!
absorbance
capacity(ORAC)
has
become
the
current
vegetables, fruits, grain cereals, eggs, meat, legumes and nuts. Some
antioxidants such aslycopeneand ascorbic acid can be destroyed by
long-term storage or prolonged cooking.Other antioxidant compounds
are more stable, such as the polyphenolic antioxidants in foods such as
whole-wheat cereals and tea.
Natural antioxidants
Antioxidant compounds
VitaminC(ascorbicacid)
FreshFruitsandvegetables
Vitamin
E
tocotrienols)
(tocopherols,
Vegetableoils
Tea,coffee,soy,fruit,olive
Polyphenolic
antioxidants
oil,chocolate,cinnamon,orega
(resveratrol,flavonoids)
noandredwine
Carotenoids(lycopene,
carotenes,lutein)
Fruit,vegetablesandeggs.
synthetic antioxidants
Propylgallate(PG,E310),
Tertiarybutylhydroquinone(TBHQ),
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA,E320)
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321).
2.Vitamins (Brown/Gray)
3.Phenolics (BRPB)
4.Carotenoids (Orange/Yellow, Red)
5.Hormones (Brown/Gray
6.Minerals (All colours)
7.Glutathione (Brown/Gray)
8.Lipid effectors (Orange/Yellow)
9.Saponins, steroids and stilbenes (Green, BRPB)
10.Sulfur-containing chemicals (Green, White)
Uses in
technology:
Food preservatives
Industrial uses
Conclusion
Antioxidant plays an important role to prevent cancer, and other disease.
They also have role in slowing ageing process and preventing heart
disease. So antioxidant are very much necessary for our body .But our
body cant manufacture these chemicals, so they must be supplied
through diet.
ANY QUESTIONS