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Introduction
Definitions
Classification
Psychodynamic Theories
Behavior Learning Theories
Conclusion
Definitions:Psychology:-
Child Psychology:It is the science or study of the childs mind and how it
functions. It is also the science that deals with the mental
power or an interaction between the conscious and
subconscious elements in a child.
Behavior Management:The means by which the dental health team effectively and
efficiently performs treatment for a child and simultaneously
Classification of Theories of
Development:The theories are broadly classified as:(a)Psychodynamic Theories
(b) Behavior Learning Theories
Psychodynamic theories:Classical Psychoanalytical theory:The first formal theory of personality to have marked
impact on psychology and psychiatry was that of
Sigmund Freud given in the year 1905. This concept
of personality was based on the interaction between
three systems within each individual. He called these
systems as the Id, the Ego and the Super Ego.
the ideals.
Freud postulated several major stages of
development, each involving special adjustment
problems and each contributing to childs behavior.
Oral Stage
(III) Phallic Stage(3-7 years):In this stage the childs central interest shifts to the
genital region.
Sexual gratification becomes more erotic during this
time
Each stage has certain difficult tasks associated
with it where problems are more likely to arise. For
the phallic stage they are:-
(IV) Latent stage(7-11 years):Freud believed that sexual impulses are suppressed
in the service of learning. This is a relatively dormant
stage from the view of psychological development.
womb.
Description:-
Behaviour Learning Theories:Classical conditioning theory:This theory was given by Ivan Pavlov in 1927.
According to this theory a child learns to associate two
events that occur simultaneously and develops conditioned
response eg. A child associates dental hand piece with pain
and hence the mere sight or sound of handpiece can evoke
anxiety
Classical conditioning
Pavlovs famous experiment with a dog.
The principles involved in this process:Acquisition:- learning a new response from the
environment by conditioning.
Generalization:- wherein the process of conditioning
is evoked a band of stimuli centered around a specific
conditioned stimulus. Thus a test stimulus similar to
training stimulus results in a response. e.g. a child
who has had a painful experience with the doctor in
white coat will always associates any doctor in white
coat with the pain.
Extinction:- of the conditioned behavior results if the
association between the conditioned and the unconditioned
A) Sensorimotor Stage (birth-18 months): It is the first stage of the four stages of Piagets
theory.
He designated the first eighteen months of the
infants life as sensorimotor stage.
During this period, the infants are busy
discovering relationships between their bodies
and the environment.
The child relies on seeing, touching, sucking,
feeling, and using their senses to learn things
about themselves and their environment.
D) The Formal Operational Stage(12-13 years):It is the fourth and the final stage in Piagets
theory.
It begins at 12-13 years of age and continues
throughout the adulthood.
It is characterized by the ability to formulate
hypothesis and systematically test them to arrive
Constructivism:-
3) Animism:-
4) Centering:-