Unit 2

UNIT 2
HISTORY
OF
TOURISM
HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism
EARLY TOURISM
Started during the old
testament time in the bible
(Ezekiel chapter 26-27)
where trade and commerce
was describedNoah traveled
with mostly animals as his
passengers
EARLY TOURISM
TOURISM was only used in
the 19th century
From the hebrew word
TORAH which means
studying, learning or
searching
EARLY TOURISM
TWO (2) MAIN PURPOSES OF
TRAVEL:
BUSINESS
RELIGIOUS
EARLY TOURISM
SUMERIANS - invented money and wheel;
initiated travel and exchange of goods.
Founders of the travel business
EARLY TOURISM
PHOENICIAN
traveled the
Mediterranean
as traders
EMPIRE ERA (Early

Tourism)
Egyptians, Greeks and Romans have

been credited as the forerunners of
tourism as we know of it today
Egyptians (4850-715 BC) travelled
by boats in the Nile River
Greeks (900-200 BC)- city states
became attractions offering
activities and facilities
1st world Olympic games in 776BC
EMPIRE ERA (Early

Tourism)
Roman Empire (500 BC-300 AD)
expanded opportunities for
middle class and wealthy
citizens
- Roman currency, common
language and common legal
system
10
EMPIRE ERA (Early

Tourism)
The Romans built a road network

of some 50,000 miles extending
from Scotland and Germany,
Egypt and along the southern
shores of the Mediterranean Sea,
to the Persian Gulf in what is
now Iraq and Kuwait.
11
MEDIEVAL AGES
(5th-14th century AD)
Also known as the
Dark Age
Fall of Rome and
rampant robberies led
to the decrease in
peoples desire to
travel.
Most of the prevalent
traveller during this
period were religious
pilgrimage(CRUSADER
S)
12
MEDIEVAL AGE
(5th-14th century AD)
Travelers of social distinction
were entertained in castles,
majority offered
accommodations in churches,
monasteries or hospices.
1388 King Richard II required
pilgrims to carry passports.
13
RENAISSANCE AND
ELIZABETHAN ERA (14th-1765th
AD)
Marco Polo traveled to

Middle East and China
Increased desire to travel
because of resurgence of
commerce and the arts
His pioneering journey
inspired Christopher
Columbus and many
other travelers.
14
15
RENAISSANCE AND
AD)
Travel for education was introduced by
the British called the Grand Tour
Young men from upper classes would
travel to:
THE GRAND TOUR:

England > France>
Germany>
Austria> Switzerland>
Italy
16
RENAISSANCE AND
AD
Developed as a status symbol
and spread throughout Europe
A grand tour could last from
several months to several
years.
Educational and cultural
purpose (ex. Language and
arts)
17
RENAISSANCE AND
AD
Each student were

given a personal tutor
and was commonly
undertaken in the
company of a
Cicerone, a
knowledgeable guide or
tutor. (Clergy, Teachers,
Writers, Historian)
18
RENAISSANCE AND
AD
Upon their return from the
grand tour, they are expected
to be:
well mannered and highly fashionable

eloquent with at least (three) 3
languages
Familiar with antiquities
Knowledgeable in arts (sculpture and
painting)
19
RENAISSANCE AND
AD
Traveling to spas became fashionable
among members of the high society,
not only for their curative aspects
but also for social events, games,
dancing and gambling.
Spa - from the word espa
meaning
fountain.
20
21
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(18th AD)
TECHNOLOGIES WERE
INTRODUCED- brought about social
changes that made travel become
more desirable (recreational
activity)
REGULAR EMPLOYMENT
INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY
GROWING URBANIZATION
Gave more people the motivation and
opportunity to go on a holiday
22
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(18th AD)
The EMERGING MIDDLE CLASS,
combined higher incomes and the
growing education about tourism
brought about spending holidays
in other places outside the usual
(countryside or seashore)
EMERGENCE OF WORKING CLASS
RESORTS NEAR MAJOR
INDUSTRIAL CENTERS
23
MODERN TOURISM
19th Century (The Mobility
Era)
20th century
24
MOBILITY ERA (1800-1944)

New roads and the
stagecoach
Introduction of the
railways
Development of the
steam powered boats
25
MOBILITY ERA
Trains are the most reliable
and cheap means of
transportation
More private companies
invested heavily in hotels,
resorts and entertainment
facilities.
26
MOBILITY ERA
THOMAS COOK
Considered as the first travel agent.
His first excursion train trip was
between Leicester and Loughborough
(1841) with 570 passengers
ROUNDTRIP FARE = one (1)

shilling (a former monetary unit equal to
120 pound of any of various countries in or
formerly in the Commonwealth of Nations)
27
MOBILITY ERA
The success of this venture
encouraged him to arrange similar
excursions using chartered trains.
In 1866 he organized his 1 st
American tour
1874 he introduced the circular
notes which was accepted by
banks, hotels, shops and
restaurants.
28
MOBILITY ERA
CIRCULAR NOTES first
travellers check
29
MOBILITY ERA
STEAMBOATS- Provided
reliable and inexpensive
transportation, this would
lead to the popular cruise
ships.
30
MOBILITY ERA
Growth of coastal resorts
near large industrial towns.
Photography and guidebooks
became popular.
31
TOURISM
IN THE 20TH CENTURY
32
MODERN TOURISM
WWI brought many changes and
influenced the volume of tourism
o Early post war prosperity
o Large scale migration
o Interest in foreign travel to
experienced first hand information
about different countries
o New forms of mass communication
stimulated curiosity about other
countries
33
1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright

made the first successful
gasoline powered airplane flight
at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
34
1908 Henry Ford introduced the

Model T passenger car.
Motorized public road transport and
improved road conditions led to the
popularity of seaside tours
Railways as a means of travel
declined with the rise of motor cars.
35
MODERN TOURISM
WWII led in the increase in travel
interest
o War introduced to the
combatants not only new
countries but also new
continents
o New friendships and an
interest in different cultures
36
MODERN TOURISM
Advent of mass tourism
Paid vacation which enabled
employees to spend their
leisure time studying
1950 advent of the first
credit card (Diners Card)
37
MODERN
TOURISM
Progress in aircraft technology

air travel becomes more
comfortable, safer, faster
and cheaper compared to
other forms of
transportation.
Boeing 707 was introduced
in 1958
age of air travel for the
masses has arrived and sea
travel declines
38
MODERN TOURISM
Greater transcontinental travel
brings distant exotic islands closer.
Week-long sea travel were replaced
by an hour long air travel.
1970 Pan American World Airways
flies the first Boeing 747 jumbo
jet plane with 352 passengers
from New York to London.
39
40
MODERN TOURISM
1978 British Airways and
Air France begin passenger
service on the supersonic
Concorde airplane.
41
MODERN TOURISM
With an increase in private
car ownership, coach and rail
services was greatly affected.
People are freed from the
schedules and fixed routes of
public
transport.
It encourages excursion and
short stay holidays
42
MODERN TOURISM
The demand for hired cars on an
overseas journey also increased
Hotels have devised their own
short stay program for private
motorist (rise of motels)
43
MODERN TOURISM
1994 the age of travel wherein
the most complex of trip can be
planned and arranged by a single
phone call from the traveler, all
reserved by computerized
reservation systems worldwide
the entire trip is paid for by a
single credit card.
44
MODERN TOURISM
2001 Dennis Tito takes the
worlds first paid space vacation.
45
MODERN TOURISM
Air France
Flight 4590 on
fire seconds
after takeoff
(07/25/00)
2003
Concorde is
retired
46
MODERN TOURISM
2006 Anousheh Ansari
becomes the first woman to
take paid space vacation
47
MODERN TOURISM
October 2007 A380 (currently
the biggest airplane) entered
commercial service with
Singapore Airlines
48
MODERN TOURISM
December 15, 2009 maiden
voyage of the Boeing 787
Dreamliner
49
MAN MADE WONDERS OF

THE WORLD
HTM 101 PRINCIPLES OF
TOURISM 1
50
7 WONDERS OF THE
ANCIENT WORLD
51
Seven Wonders of the

Ancient World
1. The Great
Pyramids of Giza
including the Sphinx.

Believed
to
have
been built as the
tomb of the fourth
dynasty
Egyptian
Pharaoh Khufu and
was
constructed
during 2584-2561 BC.
The only one of the
seven wonders of the
ancient world still
standing.
52

Ancient World
2. Hanging Gardens
of Babylon
Built around 600 BC

by Nebuchadnezzar
II
for
his
wife
Amytis of Media.
It was destroyed by
an Earthquake after
the 1st century BC.
Al Hillah, Babil
Province of Iraq.
53

Ancient
World
3. Temple of Artemis at
Ephesus
This ancient wonder was

built by the Lydians,
Persians and Greeks
which was dedicated to
the
Greek
goddess
Artemis.
It took 120 years to built
but was burned down by
Herostratus and was
again
rebuilt
by
Alexander the Great
only to be destroyed
again by the Goths in
AD 262
54

Ancient World
4. Statue of Zeus at
Olympia
Temple - 466-456 BC
Statue - 435 BC
The Statue occupied
the whole width of
the aisle of the
temple that was built
to house it, and was
12 meters (40 feet)
tall.
It was destroyed due
to fire during the 5th6th century BC.
55

Ancient
World
5. Mausoleum of
Halicarnassus
The tomb was built

during 351 BC and
stood approximately
45 meters (150 ft) tall
with each of the four
sides adorned with
sculptural relief.
The original structure
was
destroyed
by
flood and a new
structure was built
and was damaged by
an
earthquake
in
1494.
56

Ancient World
6. Colossus of
Rhodes
A giant statue of
the
Greek
god
Helios, God of the
sun which stood
approximately 110
feet tall and was
built during 292280 BC .
The
statue
was
destroyed by an
earthquake IN 226
BC.
57

Ancient World
7. Lighthouse of
Alexandria
Built during 280 BC.

The structure was
among
the
tallest
structures on earth
for many centuries
which
stood
approximately
115
and 135 meters high.
The name of the
island it was built on,
Pharos,
eventually
became
the
Latin
word for lighthouse.
58
WONDERS OF THE
MODERN WORLD
59

Modern World
7. Chichen Itza
Yucatan Mexico
It
is
a
large
archaeological
site
that represents what
remains of one of the
main focal points of
the Mayan civilization.
The site is comprised
of over 100 paved
roads and dozens of
stone buildings, many
of
which
were
beautifully restored.
60

Modern World
6. Christ the
Redeemer
Found in Rio de Janiero

Considered an important
symbol of Christianity.
The statue is located
within the Tijuca Forest
National Park and stands
atop
Corcovado
Mountain. The Christ the
Redeemer statue stands
over 120 feet high and is
considered the tallest
statue representation of
this image in the world.
61

Modern World
5. Colloseum
Construction began around

70 AD under emperor
Vespasian and it was not
completed
until
80AD,
when Titus was ruler.
Originally designed to hold
over 80,000 spectators, it
was the site of several
gladiator
contests,
executions, re-enactments,
and
theatrical
performances.
Despite
having suffered severe
damage from earthquakes
and weather, it is still one
of the most visited tourist
attractions in all of Rome.
62

Modern World
4. Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China was

originally built to protect
the borders of China from
attacks
throughout
the
years
between
the
5thcentury BC and the
current 16thcentury.
It was built over the course
of centuries and is over
4,000 miles long. It begins
in Shanhaiguan and ends in
Lop Nur. The Ming Wall was
considered
the
most
important section, at the
peak,
and
was
once
guarded by over a million
soldiers.
63

Modern World
3. Machu Picchu
Also known as The Lost

City of the Incas, rests
on a mountain ridge in
the Urubamba Valley
over 8,000 feet above
sea level. The city was
originally built back in
1460
and
was
considered one of the
main symbols of the Inca
Empire.
It
was
abandoned during the
Spanish conquest and
legend says the land was
forgotten
until
1911
when it was rediscovered
by an American historian
known
as
Hiram
64

Modern World
2. Petra
Located on the slopes of

Mount Hor in the Arabah
section of Jordan. The site is
considered one of the most
stunning
architectural
attractions in the world,
with each building cut
directly into the mountain
wall.
The site wasnt discovered
until 1812, but it is believed
that it has been occupied
since as early as the
Eighteenth
Dynasty
of
Egypt. The government has
now designed an official
Visitor
Centre
to
accommodate tourists. The
site is has been listed as
World Heritage Site since
1985.
65

Modern World
1. Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal in Agra,

India was built as a
mausoleum where the
Mughal
Emperor
known as Shah Jahan
was to bury his wife
Mumtaz Mahal.
The
construction
began in 1632 and
was not completed
until
1653.
The
buildings architecture
draws from not only
Mughal styles but also
Ottoman,
Islamic,
Persian, and more.
66

Unit 2 - History of Tourism

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HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

EMPIRE ERA (Early

Egyptians, Greeks and Romans have

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

EMPIRE ERA (Early

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

EMPIRE ERA (Early

The Romans built a road network

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

Marco Polo traveled to

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

THE GRAND TOUR:

Each student were

well mannered and highly fashionable

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

MOBILITY ERA (1800-1944)

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

ROUNDTRIP FARE = one (1)

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

1908 Henry Ford introduced the

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

Progress in aircraft technology

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

MAN MADE WONDERS OF

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

Seven Wonders of the

including the Sphinx.

Seven Wonders of the

Built around 600 BC

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

Seven Wonders of the

This ancient wonder was

Seven Wonders of the

Seven Wonders of the

The tomb was built

Seven Wonders of the

Seven Wonders of the

Built during 280 BC.

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism

Seven Wonders of the

Seven Wonders of the

Found in Rio de Janiero

HTM 101 - Principles of Tourism