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TOTAL STATION

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Student Name

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Supervisor:

I.D

INTRODUCTION TO
TOTAL STATION

The total station is an improvised version of modern


surveying instruments such as EDM Electronic distance
measurement, auto level and digital level.
Total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and
an electronic distance meter (EMD).
This combination makes it possible to determine the
coordinates of reflector by aligning the instruments cross
hair on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the
vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances.
On board micro-processor in the instrument, takes care of
recording, readings and the necessary computations. The
data can be easily transferred to a computer where it can be
used to generate map.

ROBOTIC
TOTAL STATION

The improvised total station by name ROBOTIC


TOTAL STATION allows the operator to control the
instrument from a distance via remote control.
This eliminates the need of an assistant staff member,
as the operator holds the reflector and controls the
total station from the observed point.

ROBOTIC
TOTAL STATION

FUNCTIONS OF TOTAL STATION

Coordinates determination:
Total station determines the coordinates of an unknown
point relative to the known coordinate by establishing a direct line of
sight between the two points. Angles and distances are measured
from the total station to points under survey and the coordinates of
surveyed points relative to the total station position are calculated
using trigonometry and triangulation.

Distance measurement:
A total station has a small solid state
emitter within the instruments optical path. They generate
modulated microwave or infrared signals that are reflected by a
prism reflector or the object under survey.

Angular measurement:
Most of the modern total stations have digital barcodes on rotating glass cylinder that are installed within the
instrument. Angle measurements is done through electro-optical
scanning of these digital bar-codes.

Data processing:
The data recorded by the instrument may be downloaded
from the theodolite to a computer and the application software in
turn generates a map of the survey area. Many advanced models of
total station have built-in micro-processor to record and compute
distances, horizontal and vertical angles.

ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION

Most accurate and user friendly.


Gives position of a point (x, y and z) w. r. t. known point (base
point).
EDM is fitted inside the telescope.
Digital display.
On board memory to store data and compatibility with computers.
Measures distance and angles and displays coordinates,
Auto level compensator is available.
Can work in lesser visibility also.
Can measure distances even without prismatic target for lesser
distances.
Is water proof.
On board software are available.
Total solution for surveying work.

APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION


IN VARITIES OF FIELDS:

Mainly used by land


surveyors.
Used by archaeologists to
record excavations.
By Police, crime scene
investigators, private accident
re-constructionists and
insurance companies to take
measurements of scenes.

IN CIVIL ENGG FIELD USED


FOR:

General purpose angle


measurements.
General purpose distance
measurement.
Provision of control surveys.
Contour and detail mapping.
Setting out and construction
work.

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Targets or Prisms to accurately define the target point of a direction


measurement.

A data recorder if one is not integrated into the total station.

A download cable and software on a PC to capture and process the


captured digital data to produce contour and detail maps.

Literature review

Like many professions, new technology is becoming more influential in


many facets of surveying. Computer technology and CAD
packages allow us to design, store and manage more and more
data, while at the same time new technology allows us to collect
data faster and markup points in the field with increasing speed and
accuracy.

One such piece of equipment is the reflector less (also

known as prism less) total station.

Surveying Difficulties
There are a large number of examples of areas where reflectorless
measurements are used at a distinct advantage. Underground
mining uses reflectorless technology frequently, but generally the
accuracy required is not high.

In mining (and other earthworks)

situations, a value with 0.05m accuracy would be sufficient.

Types of Errors
While survey observations can be highly accurate, observations are
never exact, and therefore always contain some errors. In
surveying, there are three types of errors, known as systematic
errors, random errors and gross errors. Generally, they have
different causes, and produce different results. Gross errors are
blunders, simple mistakes that should be found using checks during
a survey.

Methodology

Experiment 1
Plotting layout of the lawn in front of civil section building

Aim:
To draw the gardens from the top view and to know the area of sides, to
find which one is bigger than the other.

Procedure

First of all we unpack the total station from the box, and then we
take the stand of total station and fix it on the given point on the
ground. Then we put the total station on the top of the stand and
then we make the level of the total station with the help of the
screws given on the bottom side of the total station. We can check
the bubble given on the total station, for making the level of total
station, when bubble is in the centre we will tight the screws for
fixing the total station.

Then start the total station, we will see the different menu on the
main screen of the total station, press the menu and enter to the
Data collection.

Then you have to check your station coordinate.

Procedure

Then do the job name and user name.

Then include E, Z, N to know your station and you have to include


the height of the total station after that press enter.

Then choose (Fs) if the coordinate not known choose ANGLE.

Press Go

Then start shooting in point that you put it.

Then transit the information in flash then put it in computer and then
open it with the AutoCAD.

Readings of plotting
layout of lawn
PTID
1

East
0

North
0

Height
0

0.3979

2.9011

-0.2004

7.2594

3.9077

-0.2095

4.1553

27.013

-0.2203

-2.7759

25.8309

-0.2353

-4.206

25.6896

-0.2309

-14.0753

24.3563

-0.2059

-10.7527

1.4414

-0.3158

10

-0.8162

2.6826

-0.1757

11

14.5604

1.7001

0.0416

12

9.7146

30.5577

0.0238

13

-23.1059

25.6717

0.0621

14

-19.3954

-3.1572

0.0028

Code

Info1-8

AutoCAD work

Experiment 3
Area of Classroom
Aim:
To know the parameters of Classroom.

Calculation of Classroom
area
Area of classroom = L * W
L = 11.3 m
W = 7.46 m
= 11.3 * 7346
= 84.298 M2
P = 11.3 + 11.3 + 7.4 + 7.4
P of classroom: 37.5 m

Calculation of Classroom
area

CONCLUSION

Total station makes the measurements more accurate.

Total station records the data on its inbuilt data recorder and
generates maps within a fraction of time.

Hence time consuming will be less and Total station made survey
work easy.

Hence TOTAL STATION IS A TOTAL SOLUTION FOR SURVEY


WORK.

END

THANK YOU

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