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Objetivos
Entender los modos de falla y estados
limites de miembros sometido a tension
Entender el concepto de Area neta efectiva
Familiarzarse con las tablas del manual AISC
y especificaciones para los miembros o
elementos sometidos a tension.
Disear miembros y elementos a tension.
MIEMBROS
ESTRUCTURAL
ES SUJETOS A
CARGA DE
TENSION
AXIAL
Esfuerzo f =
P/A.
A es la
seccion
transversal
normal a la
carga.
P es la carga
aplicada
REQUERIMIEN
TOS DE
RESISTENCIA
DE DISEO
Pu Pn
(Pa Pn/)ASD
Donde =varia de
acuerdo al modo de
falla
RESISTE
NCIA
AXIAL
ESTADOS LIMITES
DE RESISTENCIA
Fluencia del rea total de
la seccin trasversal(Ag)
o deformacin excesiva
Fractura del rea neta
(An)
Bloque de Cortante
P=F yA
L
yL0
Fuente :
theory
AISC Tension
Tension Theory
For example, consider an 8 x in. bar connected to a gusset plate and loaded in tension as
shown below in Figure 4.1
G u s s e t p l a te
b
platin
a
S e c ti o n b - b
7 / 8 i n . d ia m e t e r h o l e
a
8 x in . b a r
S e c ti o n a -a
Ag= espesor x
ancho
Ductilidad del
material
Espaciamient
o de
conectores
Concentracio
n de
esfuerzos
Procedimient
o de
fabricacin
Retraso de
Cortante.
Pn
Tension Theory
Pn
18
Tension Theory
Pn
Eventua
the ducti
full yield
Eventualmente a altas
deformaciones la ductilidad del section.
For a plate with a typical bolt pattern the rupture plane is shown.
Ruptureon Effective Net Area
Yield on Ag would occur along the length of the member.
Both failure modes depend on cross-sectional areas.
Tension Theory
32
33
Retra
so
por
corta
nte
(shea
r lag)
Area not
Effective in
Tension Due to
Shear Lag
Se aplica el factor
de reduccion U al
Area neta An.
Ae=UxA
Effective Net
Area in Tension
Fuente AISC
tension theory
Tension Theory
Resistencia a la tension
Yieldmiembros
on GrossAreaa tension
Diseno de
on
del
Yie
ld on
Gros
Area de la seccion total Ag:
YieldFluencia
Gros
sAre
a sArea
( t = 1.67)
t(= 0.90
=
0.90
=
1.67)
Pn = F yAg
Equation
D2-1de
t
t
Cual
valor
la
Ruptureon EffectiveNe
t Area a
resitencia
Fractura
Area
efectiva
Rupture
on
Effe
ctive
a ( t = 1.67)
=Ae:
0.90
Rupture
onde
Effe
ctive
Ne
t AreNe
a ttAre
la tension se
( t = 2.00)
encoje ?
t(= 0.75
=
0.75
=
2.00)
t
t
Pn = F uAe
Equation D2-2
Ag = Gross Area
Total cross-sectional area in the plane
Block
She
ar
Block Shear
perpendicular
to tensile
stresses.
=
0.75
(
=
2.00)
t
t
=
0.75
(
=
2.00)
t
t
= 0.75
( de
2.00)
Que significa quet el
factor
por ruptura
t = reduccion
sea menor que por fluencia de la seccion transversal
Ae = Effective Net Area
total Ag o deformacion excesiva?
Tension - AISC Manual 14th Ed
Resistencia a la tension
Diseno de miembros a tension
Resiste
ncia de
diseno
Gross
section
area
=
A
=
5
x
=
2.5
in
Diseno de miembros
a =tension
- Nominal hole diameter
dh = 7/8 + 1/16 in.g = 15/16 in.
Net section
(An) usada como
Ejemplo. una barra de acero 5x1/2 Fy =
50areaes
- Hole diameter foracalculating
area = 15/16 con
+ 1/16 in.seis
= 1 in.
miembro a tension. Esta conectada
una net
platina
bar of A572 Gr. 50 steel is used as a tension member. It is connected to a
- Bolt diameter = db = 7/8 in.
tornillos
dein below.
7/8 Assume
dethatdiametro.
Asuma que Area neta
/8 in. diameter
bolts as shown
the effective net area
2
efectiva
Ae
=
An.
Cacule
la
resistencia
de
diseno
a
2 x (1))holexdiameter
= 1.5= dinh =la
et area A and compute the tensile design strength of the member. - Net section area = An = (5
- Nominal
7/8 + 1/16 in. = 15/16 in.
tension.
- Hole diameter for calculating net area = 15/16 + 1/16 in. = 1 in.
G u sse t p la te
b
7 / 8 i n . d ia m e te r b o l t
An
Gross=yielding
design strength = t Pn = t F(diametro+1/8)x
y Ag
Ag-#tornillode la seccion
espesor)
a
5 x in . b a r
A 57 2 G r. 50
Resistencia a la tension
de miembros
a tension
sobre
Ruptureon EffectiveNetArea Diseno Mas
Area Neta
RuptureonEfectiva
EffectiveNet Area
Rupture
on
Effelines
ctive
Netlos
Area
g = transverse
center-to-center
spacing
between
fastener
(gage)
Pu
planos no perpendiculares a los esfuerzos de
tension .
Diagonal hole pattern:
Net Width
= Gross
+ s2/4g width
of all h
En configuraciones
de huecos
en diagonal
o
Pu Width
s
g alineados: elSection
B4.3b
and=D3.2
no
ancho
neto
ancho inicial +
Tension - AISC Manual 14th Ed
10
- ancho de todos los huecos.
Shear lag affects both bolted and welded connections. Therefore, the effective net area
Resistencia a la tension
Diseno
de
miembros
a
tension
For
bolted
connection,
the
effective
net
area
is
A
=
UA
uptureon EffectiveNet Area
concept applied to both types of connections.
- casos
For welded
connection, the effective net area is Ae = U Ag
En algunos
Ae=An.
Rupture on Effective Net Area
=
Effective
Net
Area
e
Where,
the reduction
factor
U is given by:
A )=to
Effective
Net
Area
Modify net area
(A
account
for
shear
n Modify net area (A ) lag.
account for
shear
lag.neta An debido al
Ae = area efectiva modificada to
o reduce
del
area
x
retraso deAcortante.
= A U
Equation
U = 1- D3-1
0.9
(4.7)
=
A
U
Equation
D3-1
L
e
n
U =a
shear
lag factor
reduction
U= factor de reduccion
debido
retraso
de cortante.
Calculado por
x
U
1
la ecuacion anterior
del of
manual
AISC.
x = D3.1
eccentricity
connection
l en tablas
UOr
= shear
value lag
per factor reduction
l = length where force transfer occurs
Table D3.1
x
es la excentricidad de la conexion
o distancia
centroide
(distance
parallel todel
applied
tension del
U 1area conectada
force along bolts or weld)
al
plano
de
la
conexion.
En tablas de AISC se
x
=
eccentricity
of
connection
l
10
encuentran
los
valores.
Or value
L =per
longitud de la conexion o distancia paralela a la fuerza de
l = length where force transfer occurs
Table tension
D3.1
aplicada
a lo largo de tornillos o soldadura.
(distance parallel to applied tension
force along bolts or weld)
e
14
(a) Assume that the member is a wide flange connected through the flanges using eight in.
Resistencia a la tension
Diseno
distance of the bolts
in the direction ofde
loading miembros
is 4 in. The edge distances area
1.5 in.tension
and 2.0
diameter bolts in two rows of four each as shown in the figure below. The center-to-center
in. as shown de
in the figure
below. Steel material
is A992
Ejemplo
diseno.
Seleccion
del miembro.
in . d ia m e t e r b o lt s
2 in .
4 in .
2 in .
4 in .
1 . 5 in .
1 . 5 in .
H o le s in b e a m f la n g e
SOLUTION