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Presented To:
SIR SOHAIL FALAK SHER
Presented By:
SADIA QAMAR
IRAM RUBAB
ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY,
BAHAWALPUR
INTONATION
Introduction
Tone languages
But these different pitch patterns do not alter the word in the
way that changing a consonant or changing a vowel does.
These different pitch patterns that do not change but merely
add to the basic meaning of words are called intonation.
Yet there are some languages in the world that use pitch
patterns to build morphemes in the same way consonant and
vowels are used. The best known such language is Chinese, as
illustrated in the figure below
(Wang 1973).
Analysis of Utterances to
Understand Tone Unit
One syllable utterance
You
This is one tone unit.
Note: Underlined syllable carry tone.
For example:
John, is it you?
In this example, there are two tone units because there are, two
tonic syllables in it. First is John, one syllable utterance)
second is it you? (Three syllable utterance).
It contains a high degree of prominence which is a property of
stressed syllable, so, tonic syllable contains.
Tone + Stress:
Tonic stress: The stress that tonic syllable is having is called
tonic stress.
For example:
Give me,
those?
Head
TS
If there is no stressed syllable proceeding the tonic syllable, there
cannot be any head.
(iii)
The Pre-Head:
1.
Fall
2.
Rise
For example:
A:
3. Fall rise
This tone shows limited agreement, uncertainty,
and doubt.
For example:
A: I have heard that its a good college.
B: Yes
(B does not completely agree and A would
probably expect B to go on to explain why he
was reluctant to agree).
4. Rise Fall
This is used to convey rather strong feelings of
approval, disapproval or surprise. This tone is
used rarely in English.
A: You wouldnt do on awful thing like that,
would you?
B: No
A: Isnt the view lovely!
B: Yes
5.
Level
For example:
A teacher calling names of the pupils from a register.
Uses of Tones
The tone-units and kinds of tone units have
already been discussed. Now we will try to
establish a correlation between the various types
of sentences (tone units or tone groups) and the
tones with which they are generally said. Thus,
we will see which types of tones are used to say
which type of tone units.
a.
Falling Tone (neutral tone& impression of finality)
The following types of sentences are generally said with a falling
tone.
a)
b)
c)
Commands
e.g Shut the door.
d)
Invitations
e.g. Come over for a cup of coffee.
Come and dine with us.
e)
Exclamations
v.
iv.
iv.
vii.
Request
e.g. pass me the dish, please.
Command intended to sound like a request.
e.g. close the door,
Dont be late.
Wh questions showing politeness friendliness, warmth,
personal interest.
e.g. How are you?
What is your name, child?
Repetition questions which repeats some one elses question
or wants him to repeat some information.
e.g. what did I say?
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Intonation
CONCLUSION
So to conclude the whole discussion the importance of intonation
has been veiled of. A learner who learns a new language has not
only to grasp the grammar of that language but also the
intonation pattern to prove himself a good communicator.
In the twentieth century, it was for a long time hoped that
scientific study of intonation would make it possible to state what
the function of each different aspect of intonation was, and that
foreign learner could then be taught rules to enable them to use
intonation in the way that native speakers use it. Few people now
believe this to be possible. But it is certainly possible to produce
a few general rules. However these rules are certainly not
adequate as a complete practical guide to how to use English
intonation. But at least by learning something there must be some
improvement and a better performance.